This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 26 August 2005: 1297.
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Editorial:
Silly Season on the Hill

Donald Kennedy
Science 26 August 2005: 1301.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 26 August 2005: 1302.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 26 August 2005: 1307.
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New Products

Science 26 August 2005: 1395.
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News of the Week

INFECTIOUS DISEASES:
WHO Probes Deadliness of China's Pig-Borne Disease

Dennis Normile
Science 26 August 2005: 1308-1309.
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HIGHER EDUCATION:
Princeton Resets Family-Friendly Tenure Clock

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 26 August 2005: 1308.
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SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION:
Kashmir Workshop Aims to Break the Ice

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 26 August 2005: 1309.
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PHYSIOLOGY:
Boosting Gene Extends Mouse Life Span

Jennifer Couzin
Science 26 August 2005: 1310-1311.
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PROTEOMICS:
New Database to Track Protein Locations

Robert F. Service
Science 26 August 2005: 1310.
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ANIMAL BEHAVIOR:
Tool Study Supports Chimp Culture

Greg Miller
Science 26 August 2005: 1311.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES:
Global Fund Pulls Myanmar Grants

Jon Cohen
Science 26 August 2005: 1312.
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NUCLEAR POWER:
Ontario to Mothball Two CANDU Reactors

Paul Webster
Science 26 August 2005: 1312.
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GEOPHYSICS:
Earth's Inner Core Is Running a Tad Faster Than the Rest of the Planet

Richard A. Kerr
Science 26 August 2005: 1313.
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ScienceScope

Science 26 August 2005: 1311.
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Random Samples

Science 26 August 2005: 1322.
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News Focus

FOREST RESEARCH:
Sky-High Experiments

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 26 August 2005: 1314-1315.
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RESEARCH MANAGEMENT:
New French Agency Tries Out 'Anglo-Saxon Style' Reviews

Martin Enserink
Science 26 August 2005: 1316-1317.
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ARCHAEOLOGY:
Maya Archaeologists Turn to the Living to Help Save the Dead

Michael Bawaya
Science 26 August 2005: 1317-1318.
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DAN RAVICHER PROFILE:
A 'Robin Hood' Declares War on Lucrative U.S. Patents

Eli Kintisch
Science 26 August 2005: 1319-1320.
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EARTH SYSTEM PROCESSES 2 MEETING:
Major Shifts in Climate and Life May Rest on Feats of Clay

Oliver Morton
Science 26 August 2005: 1320-1321.
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EARTH SYSTEM PROCESSES 2 MEETING:
Specks of Evidence For Ancient Sunburn

Oliver Morton
Science 26 August 2005: 1321.
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EARTH SYSTEM PROCESSES 2 MEETING:
Storms Bow Out, But Boughs Remember

Oliver Morton
Science 26 August 2005: 1321.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 26 August 2005: 1324.
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 Sacrificing Dialogue for Politics?

Manfred D. Laubichler, Gerd B. Müller, Walter Fontana, and Günter P. Wagner
Science 26 August 2005: 1324.
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 Paradigm Shifts Needed for World Fisheries

Juan C. Castilla and Omar Defeo
Science 26 August 2005: 1324-1325.
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 International Gaps in Science Publications

Grant Lewison;, David A. Sack;, Ritu Sadana, and Guillermo Paraje
Science 26 August 2005: 1325-1326.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 26 August 2005: 1326.
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Books et al.

OCEANOGRAPHY:
From the Beach to the Sea Floor

Alistair Sponsel
Science 26 August 2005: 1327-1328.
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ENVIRONMENT:
Too Wed to the Sea

Jesse Smith
Science 26 August 2005: 1328.
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Books Received

Science 26 August 2005: 1328.
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Policy Forum

SCIENCE AND GOVERNMENT:
In Search of the Best Grant System

Tasuku Honjo
Science 26 August 2005: 1329.
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Perspectives

PHYSICS:
Enhanced: A Quantum Critical Route to Field-Induced Superconductivity

A. P. Mackenzie and S. A. Grigera
Science 26 August 2005: 1330-1331.
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MICROBIOLOGY:
Exploring Microbial Diversity--A Vast Below

T. P. Curtis and W. T. Sloan
Science 26 August 2005: 1331-1333.
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CHEMISTRY:
Ultrafast Chemical Exchange Seen with 2D Vibrational Echoes

Dana D. Dlott
Science 26 August 2005: 1333-1334.
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CELL BIOLOGY:
A Gradient Signal Orchestrates the Mitotic Spindle

Paul R. Clarke
Science 26 August 2005: 1334-1335.
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Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 26 August 2005: 1336-1337.
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Research Article

Ultrafast Dynamics of Solute-Solvent Complexation Observed at Thermal Equilibrium in Real Time

Junrong Zheng, Kyungwon Kwak, John Asbury, Xin Chen, Ivan R. Piletic, and M. D. Fayer
Science 26 August 2005: 1338-1343.
Published online 4 August 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1116213] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Vibrational echo correlation spectroscopy can image the association and dissociation of phenol-benzene complexes over a few picoseconds, a time regime that has been inaccessible to NMR spectroscopy. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Magnetic Field-Induced Superconductivity in the Ferromagnet URhGe

F. Lévy, I. Sheikin, B. Grenier, and A. D. Huxley
Science 26 August 2005: 1343-1346.
Superconductivity in a metal alloy disappears upon application of a moderate magnetic field, but surprisingly reappears in a strong field, when the directions of electronic spin rotate. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Control and Detection of Singlet-Triplet Mixing in a Random Nuclear Field

F. H. L. Koppens, J. A. Folk, J. M. Elzerman, R. Hanson, L. H. Willems van Beveren, I. T. Vink, H. P. Tranitz, W. Wegscheider, L. P. Kouwenhoven, and L. M. K. Vandersypen
Science 26 August 2005: 1346-1350.
Published online 21 July 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1113719] (in Science Express Reports)
Background nuclear spins degrade electron spin memory in quantum dots, but the effect can be mitigated by increasing the coupling strength between the dots or polarizing the nuclear spins. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Gas Adsorption Sites in a Large-Pore Metal-Organic Framework

Jesse L. C. Rowsell, Elinor C. Spencer, Juergen Eckert, Judith A. K. Howard, and Omar M. Yaghi
Science 26 August 2005: 1350-1354.
The structure of a large metal-organic framework useful for storing gas shows that it has pores 12 to 15 angstroms across that form eight binding sites for argon and nitrogen. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

High Frictional Anisotropy of Periodic and Aperiodic Directions on a Quasicrystal Surface

Jeong Young Park, D. F. Ogletree, M. Salmeron, R. A. Ribeiro, P. C. Canfield, C. J. Jenks, and P. A. Thiel
Science 26 August 2005: 1354-1356.
Friction on an aluminum-nickel-cobalt surface is much less in a direction with an aperiodic arrangement of atoms than in a periodic direction, because energy is dissipated more rapidly. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Inner Core Differential Motion Confirmed by Earthquake Waveform Doublets

Jian Zhang, Xiaodong Song, Yingchun Li, Paul G. Richards, Xinlei Sun, and Felix Waldhauser
Science 26 August 2005: 1357-1360.
Differences in seismic waves generated by nearly identical earthquakes occurring years apart confirm that Earth's inner core is rotating more rapidly than the rest of the planet. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Carbon Flux and Growth in Mature Deciduous Forest Trees Exposed to Elevated CO₂

Christian Körner, Roman Asshoff, Olivier Bignucolo, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Sonja G. Keel, Susanna Peláez-Riedl, Steeve Pepin, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, and Gerhard Zotz
Science 26 August 2005: 1360-1362.
Exposing a mature Swiss forest to elevated atmospheric CO₂ increased the flux of carbon through the trees and soils but did not increase net forest growth or carbon storage. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Community Structure of Corals and Reef Fishes at Multiple Scales

Sean R. Connolly, Terry P. Hughes, David R. Bellwood, and Ronald H. Karlson
Science 26 August 2005: 1363-1365.
The local community structure of coral reefs, which reflects differences in the numbers of individuals among species, varies at a larger scale than the partitioning of resources. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Global Patterns of Predator Diversity in the Open Oceans

Boris Worm, Marcel Sandow, Andreas Oschlies, Heike K. Lotze, and Ransom A. Myers
Science 26 August 2005: 1365-1369.
Published online 28 July 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1113399] (in Science Express Reports)
Large predatory fish are most diverse in mid-latitude oceans, although overall diversity has been dropping for 50 years. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nuclear Reprogramming of Somatic Cells After Fusion with Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Chad A. Cowan, Jocelyn Atienza, Douglas A. Melton, and Kevin Eggan
Science 26 August 2005: 1369-1373.
Nuclei from adult human cells can be reprogrammed to an embryonic state by insertion into embryonic stem cells, potentially providing a source of new stem cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Spatial Coordination of Spindle Assembly by Chromosome-Mediated Signaling Gradients

Maïwen Caudron, Gertrude Bunt, Philippe Bastiaens, and Eric Karsenti
Science 26 August 2005: 1373-1376.
Chromosomes produce gradients of activated regulators that determine the spatial organization and assembly of the mitotic spindle. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nitrogenase Complexes: Multiple Docking Sites for a Nucleotide Switch Protein

F. Akif Tezcan, Jens T. Kaiser, Debarshi Mustafi, Mika Y. Walton, James B. Howard, and Douglas C. Rees
Science 26 August 2005: 1377-1380.
The nitrogenase protein complex reduces dinitrogen to ammonia by electron transfer between its subunits, switched on and off by the hydrolysis of ATP. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Toll-Like Receptor 8-Mediated Reversal of CD4⁺ Regulatory T Cell Function

Guangyong Peng, Zhong Guo, Yukiko Kiniwa, Kui shin Voo, Weiyi Peng, Tihui Fu, Daniel Y. Wang, Yanchun Li, Helen Y. Wang, and Rong-Fu Wang
Science 26 August 2005: 1380-1384.
Cells of the adaptive immune system that suppress potentially damaging immune responses unexpectedly are regulated by a receptor of the innate immune system. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Molecular Mechanism for Switching of P. falciparum Invasion Pathways into Human Erythrocytes

Janine Stubbs, Ken M. Simpson, Tony Triglia, David Plouffe, Christopher J. Tonkin, Manoj T. Duraisingh, Alexander G. Maier, Elizabeth A. Winzeler, and Alan F. Cowman
Science 26 August 2005: 1384-1387.
A newly described gene encoding a very large protein allows the malaria parasite to switch the receptor it uses for red blood cell infection, which helps in evading host defenses. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Computational Improvements Reveal Great Bacterial Diversity and High Metal Toxicity in Soil

Jason Gans, Murray Wolinsky, and John Dunbar
Science 26 August 2005: 1387-1390.
Analysis of DNA diversity reveals that many soils contain 100 times more species of microbes than previously thought, most of them rare. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Circadian Clock Control by SUMOylation of BMAL1

Luca Cardone, Jun Hirayama, Francesca Giordano, Teruya Tamaru, Jorma J. Palvimo, and Paolo Sassone-Corsi
Science 26 August 2005: 1390-1394.
Published online 18 August 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1110689] (in Science Express Reports)
The addition of a small regulatory peptide to a transcription factor component of the circadian clock is required for its own rhythmic expression and is controlled by another clock component. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "Slip-Rate Measurements on the Karakorum Fault May Imply Secular Variations in Fault Motion"

Erik T. Brown, Peter Molnar, and Didier L. Bourlès
Science 26 August 2005: 1326.
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 Response to Comment on "Slip-Rate Measurements on the Karakorum Fault May Imply Secular Variations in Fault Motion"

M.-L. Chevalier, F. J. Ryerson, P. Tapponnier, R. C. Finkel, J. Van Der Woerd, Li Haibing, and Liu Qing
Science 26 August 2005: 1326.
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