This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 5 August 2005: 847.
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Editorial:
NIH Funding Reform

Jerome F. Strauss III
Science 5 August 2005: 851.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 5 August 2005: 852.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 5 August 2005: 857.
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New Products

Science 5 August 2005: 955.
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News of the Week

STEM CELL POLITICS:
Frist's Support Raises Odds for Passage of Stem Cell Bill

Constance Holden
Science 5 August 2005: 858.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE:
Cassini Catches Mysterious Hot Spot on Icy-Cold Enceladus

Richard A. Kerr
Science 5 August 2005: 859-860.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE:
Newfound 'Tenth Planet' Puts Pluto Behind the Eight Ball

Richard A. Kerr
Science 5 August 2005: 859.
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AIDS RESEARCH:
Male Circumcision Thwarts HIV Infection

Jon Cohen
Science 5 August 2005: 860.
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PALEOANTHROPOLOGY:
U.S. Government Shifts Stance on Claims to Ancient Remains

Constance Holden
Science 5 August 2005: 861.
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BIOCHEMISTRY:
Cut-Rate Genomes on the Horizon?

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 5 August 2005: 862.
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CLONING:
The Perfect Pedigree

Gretchen Vogel
Science 5 August 2005: 862.
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ENERGY POLICY:
U.S. Energy Bill Promises Some Boosts for Research

Eli Kintisch
Science 5 August 2005: 863.
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ScienceScope

Science 5 August 2005: 861.
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Random Samples

Science 5 August 2005: 872.
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News Focus

NEUROSCIENCE:
Preventing Alzheimer's: A Lifelong Commitment?

Jean Marx
Science 5 August 2005: 864-866.
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PROTEIN STRUCTURE:
A New Portrait Puts Potassium Pore in a Fresh Light

Robert F. Service
Science 5 August 2005: 867.
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RENCONTRE ASSYRIOLOGIQUE INTERNATIONALE MEETING:
Alas, Babylon: Tracing the Last King's Desert Exile

Andrew Lawler
Science 5 August 2005: 868.
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RENCONTRE ASSYRIOLOGIQUE INTERNATIONALE MEETING:
Ur's Xena: A Warrior Princess for Sumeria?

Andrew Lawler
Science 5 August 2005: 868-869.
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RENCONTRE ASSYRIOLOGIQUE INTERNATIONALE MEETING:
Looted Tablets Pose Scholar's Dilemma

Andrew Lawler
Science 5 August 2005: 869.
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EPIDEMIOLOGY:
Drugs, Quarantine Might Stop a Pandemic Before It Starts

Martin Enserink
Science 5 August 2005: 870-871.
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EPIDEMIOLOGY:
A Drug Makes It Big--But Can It Deliver?

Martin Enserink
Science 5 August 2005: 871.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 5 August 2005: 874.
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 Scrapie in Ancient China?

Reed B. Wickner
Science 5 August 2005: 874.
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 Co-Funding in Canada: Another View

Arthur J. Carty
Science 5 August 2005: 874-875.
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 Update on the Closure of a Chilean Institute

Yasna Provoste and Eric Goles
Science 5 August 2005: 875.
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 Canadian Database in Singapore

Christopher Hogue
Science 5 August 2005: 875-877.
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 Random Copying and Cultural Evolution

R. Alexander Bentley and Stephen J. Shennan
Science 5 August 2005: 877-879.
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 An Unexpected Cover Image

Linda Felver
Science 5 August 2005: 879.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 5 August 2005: 879.
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Books et al.

EVOLUTION:
Sumptuous Survey of Hexapod History

Edmund Jarzembowski
Science 5 August 2005: 880-881.
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NATURAL HISTORY:
A Swarm of Bee Books

Jay Hosler
Science 5 August 2005: 881-882.
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 Browsings

Science 5 August 2005: 882.
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Books Received

Science 6 August 2005: 882.
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Essays on Science and Society

GLOBAL VOICES OF SCIENCE:
Of Stones and Health: Medical Geology in Sri Lanka

Chandrasekara Dissanayake
Science 5 August 2005: 883-885.
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 125th Anniversary Series

Science 5 August 2005: 883.

Perspectives

CANCER:
Suppressing Cancer: The Importance of Being Senescent

Judith Campisi
Science 5 August 2005: 886-887.
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APPLIED PHYSICS:
Droplet Control for Microfluidics

Mathieu Joanicot and Armand Ajdari
Science 5 August 2005: 887-888.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE:
Enhanced: The Enigma of the Martian Soil

Amos Banin
Science 5 August 2005: 888-890.
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DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY:
Rac1 Up for Epidermal Stem Cells

G. Paolo Dotto and George Cotsarelis
Science 5 August 2005: 890-891.
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Review

The Coming Paradigm Shift in Forensic Identification Science

Michael J. Saks and Jonathan J. Koehler
Science 5 August 2005: 892-895.
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Brevia

Extreme Waves Under Hurricane Ivan

David W. Wang, Douglas A. Mitchell, William J. Teague, Ewa Jarosz, and Mark S. Hulbert
Science 5 August 2005: 896.
Tide gauges in the Gulf of Mexico show that in 2004 Hurricane Ivan generated waves over the continental shelf with crest-to-trough heights that may have exceeded 40 meters. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Crystal Structure of a Mammalian Voltage-Dependent Shaker Family K⁺ Channel

Stephen B. Long, Ernest B. Campbell, and Roderick MacKinnon
Science 5 August 2005: 897-903.
Published online 7 July 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1116269] (in Science Express Research Articles)
An x-ray crystal structure of a eukaryotic voltage-gated potassium channel, probably in its native confirmation, reveals how movement of the voltage sensor triggers opening of the pore. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Voltage Sensor of Kv1.2: Structural Basis of Electromechanical Coupling

Stephen B. Long, Ernest B. Campbell, and Roderick MacKinnon
Science 5 August 2005: 903-908.
Published online 7 July 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1116270] (in Science Express Research Articles)
An x-ray crystal structure of a eukaryotic voltage-gated potassium channel, probably in its native confirmation, reveals how movement of the voltage sensor triggers opening of the pore. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Reports

Triangular and Fibonacci Number Patterns Driven by Stress on Core/Shell Microstructures

Chaorong Li, Xiaona Zhang, and Zexian Cao
Science 5 August 2005: 909-911.
When stressed by cooling, a silica coating on silver nanoparticles forms complex, organized patterns similar to those seen in flowers and seeds. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Crossover in the Mechanical Response of Nanocrystalline Ceramics

Izabela Szlufarska, Aiichiro Nakano, and Priya Vashishta
Science 5 August 2005: 911-914.
Simulations show that silicon carbide with nanometer-sized grains deforms first by cooperative slip along soft grain boundaries and then by loss of crystallinity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Characterization of Excess Electrons in Water-Cluster Anions by Quantum Simulations

László Turi, Wen-Shyan Sheu, and Peter J. Rossky
Science 5 August 2005: 914-917.
Simulations suggest that in anionic water clusters of fewer than 200 molecules, the excess electron resides on the surface of the cluster rather than inside it. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Probing the Ultrafast Charge Translocation of Photoexcited Retinal in Bacteriorhodopsin

S. Schenkl, F. van Mourik, G. van der Zwan, S. Haacke, and M. Chergui
Science 5 August 2005: 917-920.
Photoexcitation of the light-sensitive pigment retinal in bacteriorhodopsin increases the dipole moment within 200 femtoseconds, probably driving the subsequent isomerization. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

An Experimental Approach to the Percolation of Sticky Nanotubes

B. Vigolo, C. Coulon, M. Maugey, C. Zakri, and P. Poulin
Science 5 August 2005: 920-923.
Nanorods in solution can form a coherent, connected network at much lower concentrations when an added surfactant ensures only weak interactions between them. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Pyrite-Type High-Pressure Form of Silica

Yasuhiro Kuwayama, Kei Hirose, Nagayoshi Sata, and Yasuo Ohishi
Science 5 August 2005: 923-925.
Experiments confirm that silica can exist in a dense, high-pressure phase in which each silicon atom is coordinated to six nearby oxygens and two more distant ones. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Ice Sheet and Solid Earth Influences on Far-Field Sea-Level Histories

Sophie E. Bassett, Glenn A. Milne, Jerry X. Mitrovica, and Peter U. Clark
Science 5 August 2005: 925-928.
Published online 23 June 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1111575] (in Science Express Reports)
A model with a stiff lower mantle and rapid melting of Antarctic ice sheets matches well the rise in sea level after the last glacial maximum observed at tropical Pacific sites. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Antagonistic Control of Disease Resistance Protein Stability in the Plant Immune System

Ben F. Holt, III, Youssef Belkhadir, and Jeffery L. Dangl
Science 5 August 2005: 929-932.
Published online 23 June 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1109977] (in Science Express Reports)
Two plant proteins thought to trigger protective pathways upon pathogen attack actually form a regulatory system that keeps defense proteins available for rapid deployment. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Stem Cell Depletion Through Epidermal Deletion of Rac1

Salvador Aznar Benitah, Michaela Frye, Michael Glogauer, and Fiona M. Watt
Science 5 August 2005: 933-935.
A small GTP-binding regulatory protein is required for maintaining stem cells in the skin and preventing their differentiation into other epidermal cell types. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Protein Structures Forming the Shell of Primitive Bacterial Organelles

Cheryl A. Kerfeld, Michael R. Sawaya, Shiho Tanaka, Chau V. Nguyen, Martin Phillips, Morgan Beeby, and Todd O. Yeates
Science 5 August 2005: 936-938.
The carboxysome, a CO2-fixing microcompartment in certain bacteria, resembles a viral capsid of hexameric, protein building blocks, with pores that may regulate metabolite flow. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rewiring of the Yeast Transcriptional Network Through the Evolution of Motif Usage

Jan Ihmels, Sven Bergmann, Maryam Gerami-Nejad, Itai Yanai, Mark McClellan, Judith Berman, and Naama Barkai
Science 5 August 2005: 938-940.
Yeast species that grow aerobically have a common sequence in the promoters of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, apparently acquired by a common ancestor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Export-Mediated Assembly of Mycobacterial Glycoproteins Parallels Eukaryotic Pathways

Brian C. VanderVen, Jeffery D. Harder, Dean C. Crick, and John T. Belisle
Science 5 August 2005: 941-943.
In bacteria, sugar residues are added to proteins during export by a mechanism similar to that used by eukaryotes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Regulation of Blood Glucose by Hypothalamic Pyruvate Metabolism

Tony K. T. Lam, Roger Gutierrez-Juarez, Alessandro Pocai, and Luciano Rossetti
Science 5 August 2005: 943-947.
A region at the base of the brain functions as the body's glucose monitor, instructing the liver to shut down glucose production when blood glucose levels get too high. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Hemodynamic Signals Correlate Tightly with Synchronized Gamma Oscillations

Jörn Niessing, Boris Ebisch, Kerstin E. Schmidt, Michael Niessing, Wolf Singer, and Ralf A. W. Galuske
Science 5 August 2005: 948-951.
A region at the base of the brain functions as the body’s glucose monitor, instructing the liver to shut down glucose production when blood glucose levels get too high. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Coupling Between Neuronal Firing, Field Potentials, and fMRI in Human Auditory Cortex

Roy Mukamel, Hagar Gelbard, Amos Arieli, Uri Hasson, Itzhak Fried, and Rafael Malach
Science 5 August 2005: 951-954.
When a subject is viewing and listening to a movie, brain imaging of the auditory cortex provides a good indication of the underlying neuronal activity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|