This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 8 July 2005: 217.
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Editorial:
Redefining Science

Alan I. Leshner
Science 8 July 2005: 221.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 8 July 2005: 222.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 8 July 2005: 225.
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Quarterly Author Index

Science 8 July 2005: 318.
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New Products

Science 8 July 2005: 318.
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News of the Week

PLANETARY SCIENCE:
Deep Impact Makes a Lasting Impression on Comet Tempel 1

Richard A. Kerr
Science 8 July 2005: 226-227.
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SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING:
Britain's Research Agencies Endorse Public Access

Eliot Marshall
Science 8 July 2005: 226.
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ANTHROPOLOGY:
A New Skirmish in the Yanomamö Wars

Charles C. Mann
Science 8 July 2005: 227.
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SPANISH SCIENCE:
Madrid Heart Center to Be Rescued

Xavier Bosch
Science 8 July 2005: 229.
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STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY:
Ten Centers Chosen to Decode Protein Structures

Jennifer Couzin
Science 8 July 2005: 230.
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BIOSECURITY:
New Panel to Offer Guidance on Dual-Use Science

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 8 July 2005: 230.
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AVIAN INFLUENZA:
Potentially More Lethal Variant Hits Migratory Birds in China

Dennis Normile
Science 8 July 2005: 231.
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RESEARCH MANAGEMENT:
Scientists Say Genome Canada's Cofunding Rules Stymie Good Ideas

Wayne Kondro
Science 8 July 2005: 232-233.
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PESTICIDE TESTING:
EPA Draft Rules for Human Subjects Draw Fire

Erik Stokstad
Science 8 July 2005: 232.
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EPIDEMIOLOGY:
Radiation Dangerous Even at Lowest Doses

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 8 July 2005: 233.
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ScienceScope

Science 8 July 2005: 229.
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Random Samples

Science 8 July 2005: 242.
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News Focus

EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS:
Are Humans Still Evolving?

Michael Balter
Science 8 July 2005: 234-237.
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QUANTUM COMPUTING:
Teaching Qubits New Tricks

Charles Seife
Science 8 July 2005: 238.
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EDUCATION:
Biologist Helps Students Get a Leg Up on Scientific Inquiry

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 8 July 2005: 239.
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STEM CELLS:
Embryo-Free Techniques Gain Momentum

Gretchen Vogel
Science 8 July 2005: 240-241.
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STEM CELLS:
California Institute: Most Systems Go

Constance Holden
Science 8 July 2005: 241.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 8 July 2005: 244.
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 When the World Is Not Your Oyster

J. Jed Brown, Richard Hildreth, and Susan E. Ford
Science 8 July 2005: 244.
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 Regulating Mercury: What's At Stake?

Ted Gayer and Robert W. Hahn
Science 8 July 2005: 244-245.
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 The Long Search for Black Holes

Halton Arp; and Giuseppina Fabbiano
Science 8 July 2005: 245.
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 Encouraging Discovery and Innovation

Ronald N. Kostoff
Science 8 July 2005: 245-246.
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 Keeping Medical Research Ethical

Oby Obyerodhyambo
Science 8 July 2005: 246.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 8 July 2005: 246.
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Books et al.

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR:
Following Their Instincts

Sharon Kingsland
Science 8 July 2005: 247-248.
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ANTHROPOLOGY:
Is This How the West Won?

Michael Balter
Science 8 July 2005: 248-249.
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 Browsings

Science 8 July 2005: 249.
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Books Received

Science 8 July 2005: 249.
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Policy Forum

ECONOMICS:
Individual Accounts: Lessons from International Experience

J. Michael Orszag and Peter R. Orszag
Science 8 July 2005: 250-251.
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Perspectives

IMMUNOLOGY:
Now Presenting: γδ T Cells

Robert L. Modlin and Peter A. Sieling
Science 8 July 2005: 252-253.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE:
Hierarchies in Biomineral Structures

John D. Currey
Science 8 July 2005: 253-254.
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OCEAN SCIENCE:
Warming the World's Oceans

Gabriele C. Hegerl and Nathaniel L. Bindoff
Science 8 July 2005: 254-255.
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ANTHROPOLOGY:
The Remaking of Australia's Ecology

Christopher N. Johnson
Science 8 July 2005: 255-256.
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Review

Complexity in Strongly Correlated Electronic Systems

Elbio Dagotto
Science 8 July 2005: 257-262.
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Brevia

Bioluminescent and Red-Fluorescent Lures in a Deep-Sea Siphonophore

Steven H. D. Haddock, Casey W. Dunn, Philip R. Pugh, and Christine E. Schnitzler
Science 8 July 2005: 263.
Gelatinous jellyfish-like predators found at oceanic mid-depths cannot see but nevertheless use dangling light-emitting organs to attract prey. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

Professional Antigen-Presentation Function by Human T Cells

Marlène Brandes, Katharina Willimann, and Bernhard Moser
Science 8 July 2005: 264-268.
Published online 2 June 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1110267] (in Science Express Research Articles)
A subset of nonconventional T cells unexpectedly present foreign antigens and stimulate the human immune system. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Single-Electron Delocalization in Hybrid Vertical-Lateral Double Quantum Dots

T. Hatano, M. Stopa, and S. Tarucha
Science 8 July 2005: 268-271.
By coupling quantum dots, the exchange, delocalization, and interaction of electrons on each dot can be measured, furthering understanding of their potential use in quantum computing. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Tunable Supercurrent Through Semiconductor Nanowires

Yong-Joo Doh, Jorden A. van Dam, Aarnoud L. Roest, Erik P. A. M. Bakkers, Leo P. Kouwenhoven, and Silvano De Franceschi
Science 8 July 2005: 272-275.
A semiconducting nanowire linking two superconducting contacts can serve as a tunable superconducting gate at low temperatures. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Skeleton of Euplectella sp.: Structural Hierarchy from the Nanoscale to the Macroscale

Joanna Aizenberg, James C. Weaver, Monica S. Thanawala, Vikram C. Sundar, Daniel E. Morse, and Peter Fratzl
Science 8 July 2005: 275-278.
A sponge builds a remarkably strong skeleton from glass spicules made of rings of tiny silica spheres, laminating them into a reinforced square lattice cage. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Isolation of Two Seven-Membered Ring C₅₈ Fullerene Derivatives: C₅₈F₁₇CF₃ and C₅₈F₁₈

Pavel A. Troshin, Anthony G. Avent, Adam D. Darwish, Natalia Martsinovich, Ala'a K. Abdul-Sada, Joan M. Street, and Roger Taylor
Science 8 July 2005: 278-281.
Fluorination of C₆₀ is used to synthesize a smaller 58-carbon cage containing a seven-member ring. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Resonating Valence-Bond Ground State in a Phenalenyl-Based Neutral Radical Conductor

S. K. Pal, M. E. Itkis, F. S. Tham, R. W. Reed, R. T. Oakley, and R. C. Haddon
Science 8 July 2005: 281-284.
An organic material composed of neutral free radicals efficiently conducts electricity not by electron flow, but by resonance of its valence bonds between neutral and ionic species. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Penetration of Human-Induced Warming into the World's Oceans

Tim P. Barnett, David W. Pierce, Krishna M. AchutaRao, Peter J. Gleckler, Benjamin D. Santer, Jonathan M. Gregory, and Warren M. Washington
Science 8 July 2005: 284-287.
Published online 2 June 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1112418] (in Science Express Reports)
Only when two separate climate models include anthropogenic CO₂ emissions do they accurately reproduce the observed warming pattern in each ocean basin over the past 40 years. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ecosystem Collapse in Pleistocene Australia and a Human Role in Megafaunal Extinction

Gifford H. Miller, Marilyn L. Fogel, John W. Magee, Michael K. Gagan, Simon J. Clarke, and Beverly J. Johnson
Science 8 July 2005: 287-290.
Isotope records from emu eggshells and wombat teeth from three sites in Australia imply that grasses became scarce there shortly after humans arrived ~50,000 years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Stomatal Patterning and Differentiation by Synergistic Interactions of Receptor Kinases

Elena D. Shpak, Jessica Messmer McAbee, Lynn Jo Pillitteri, and Keiko U. Torii
Science 8 July 2005: 290-293.
A family of receptor-like kinases interacts with known receptors to control the number and distribution of stomata, the leaf pores that allow photosynthesis and respiration. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

FKF1 F-Box Protein Mediates Cyclic Degradation of a Repressor of CONSTANS in Arabidopsis

Takato Imaizumi, Thomas F. Schultz, Frank G. Harmon, Lindsey A. Ho, and Steve A. Kay
Science 8 July 2005: 293-297.
As days lengthen, a repressor of a main regulatory molecule is degraded, triggering flowering in plants. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Kinesin Klp2 Mediates Polarization of Interphase Microtubules in Fission Yeast

Rafael E. Carazo-Salas, Claude Antony, and Paul Nurse
Science 8 July 2005: 297-300.
Microtubules in fission yeast are oriented properly in the cell by a molecular motor, allowing the yeast cell to elongate. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Self-Organized Vortex Array of Hydrodynamically Entrained Sperm Cells

Ingmar H. Riedel, Karsten Kruse, and Jonathon Howard
Science 8 July 2005: 300-303.
Motile sperm attached by their heads to a surface beat their tails in synchrony without the application of any external synchronizing stimulus. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Inferential Structure Determination

Wolfgang Rieping, Michael Habeck, and Michael Nilges
Science 8 July 2005: 303-306.
A probabilistic method of calculating molecular structure from nuclear magnetic resonance data improves structural quality, provides an objective measure of precision, and minimizes human bias. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Crossmodal Interactions Between Olfactory and Visual Learning in Drosophila

Jianzeng Guo and Aike Guo
Science 8 July 2005: 307-310.
Maps of RNA expression in zebrafish embryos indicate that small noncoding RNAs participate widely in the later stages of development, controlling tissue differentiation and identity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

MicroRNA Expression in Zebrafish Embryonic Development

Erno Wienholds, Wigard P. Kloosterman, Eric Miska, Ezequiel Alvarez-Saavedra, Eugene Berezikov, Ewart de Bruijn, H. Robert Horvitz, Sakari Kauppinen, and Ronald H. A. Plasterk
Science 8 July 2005: 310-311.
Published online 26 May 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1114519] (in Science Express Reports)
Maps of RNA expression in zebrafish embryos indicate that small noncoding RNAs participate widely in the later stages of development, controlling tissue differentiation and identity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ant Nestmate and Non-Nestmate Discrimination by a Chemosensory Sensillum

Mamiko Ozaki, Ayako Wada-Katsumata, Kazuyo Fujikawa, Masayuki Iwasaki, Fumio Yokohari, Yuji Satoji, Tomoyosi Nisimura, and Ryohei Yamaoka
Science 8 July 2005: 311-314.
Published online 9 June 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1105244] (in Science Express Reports)
Carpenter ants distinguish outsiders from nestmates via sensory organs on their antennas that respond to specific chemical blends present only in the cuticles of ants from other nests. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Generate Muscle Cells and Repair Muscle Degeneration

Mari Dezawa, Hiroto Ishikawa, Yutaka Itokazu, Tomoyuki Yoshihara, Mikio Hoshino, Shin-ichi Takeda, Chizuka Ide, and Yo-ichi Nabeshima
Science 8 July 2005: 314-317.
Bone marrow cells can be directed to differentiate as muscle cells, and restore function in rodents with degenerative muscle disease. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|