125th Anniversary

What Don't We Know?

Donald Kennedy and Colin Norman
Science 1 July 2005: 75.
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News

In Praise of Hard Questions

Tom Siegfried
Science 1 July 2005: 76-77.
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What Is the Universe Made Of?

Charles Seife
Science 1 July 2005: 78.
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So Much More to Know …

Science 1 July 2005: 78-102.
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What Is the Biological Basis of Consciousness?

Greg Miller
Science 1 July 2005: 79.
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Why Do Humans Have So Few Genes?

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 1 July 2005: 80.
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To What Extent Are Genetic Variation and Personal Health Linked?

Jennifer Couzin
Science 1 July 2005: 81.
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Can the Laws of Physics Be Unified?

Charles Seife
Science 1 July 2005: 82.
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How Much Can Human Life Span Be Extended?

Jennifer Couzin
Science 1 July 2005: 83.
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What Controls Organ Regeneration?

R. John Davenport
Science 1 July 2005: 84.
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How Can a Skin Cell Become a Nerve Cell?

Gretchen Vogel
Science 1 July 2005: 85.
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How Does a Single Somatic Cell Become a Whole Plant?

Gretchen Vogel
Science 1 July 2005: 86.
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How Does Earth's Interior Work?

Richard A. Kerr
Science 1 July 2005: 87.
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Are We Alone in the Universe?

Richard A. Kerr
Science 1 July 2005: 88.
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How and Where Did Life on Earth Arise?

Carl Zimmer
Science 1 July 2005: 89.
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What Determines Species Diversity?

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 1 July 2005: 90.
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What Genetic Changes Made Us Uniquely Human?

Elizabeth Culotta
Science 1 July 2005: 91.
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How Are Memories Stored and Retrieved?

Greg Miller
Science 1 July 2005: 92.
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How Did Cooperative Behavior Evolve?

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 1 July 2005: 93.
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How Will Big Pictures Emerge From a Sea of Biological Data?

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 1 July 2005: 94.
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How Far Can We Push Chemical Self-Assembly?

Robert F. Service
Science 1 July 2005: 95.
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What Are the Limits of Conventional Computing?

Charles Seife
Science 1 July 2005: 96.
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Can We Selectively Shut Off Immune Responses?

Jon Cohen
Science 1 July 2005: 97.
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Do Deeper Principles Underlie Quantum Uncertainty and Nonlocality?

Charles Seife
Science 1 July 2005: 98.
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Is an Effective HIV Vaccine Feasible?

Jon Cohen
Science 1 July 2005: 99.
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How Hot Will the Greenhouse World Be?

Richard A. Kerr
Science 1 July 2005: 100.
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What Can Replace Cheap Oil--and When?

Richard A. Kerr and Robert F. Service
Science 1 July 2005: 101.
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Will Malthus Continue to Be Wrong?

Erik Stokstad
Science 1 July 2005: 102.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 1 July 2005: 15.
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Editorial:
125

Donald Kennedy
Science 1 July 2005: 19.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 1 July 2005: 21.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 1 July 2005: 27.
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 New Products

Science 1 July 2005: 151.
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News of the Week

FUSION RESEARCH:
ITER Finds a Home--With a Whopping Mortgage

Daniel Clery and Dennis Normile
Science 1 July 2005: 28-29.
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SPACE SCIENCE:
Solar-Sail Enthusiasts Say Mission Lost, Possibly in Space

Daniel Clery
Science 1 July 2005: 28.
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U.S. BUDGET:
House 'Peer Review' Kills Two NIH Grants

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 1 July 2005: 29-31.
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2006 FUNDING:
Senate Squeezes NSF's Budget

Jeffrey Mervis and Charles Seife
Science 1 July 2005: 31.
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CLIMATE CHANGE:
Senate Resolution Backs Mandatory Emission Limits

Eli Kintisch
Science 1 July 2005: 32.
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FOUNDATIONS:
Joining Forces for Brain Tumor Research

Jennifer Couzin
Science 1 July 2005: 32.
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PUBLIC HEALTH:
Gates Foundation Picks Winners in Grand Challenges in Global Health

Jon Cohen
Science 1 July 2005: 33-35.
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ECOLOGY:
Flying on the Edge: Bluebirds Make Use of Habitat Corridors

Erik Stokstad
Science 1 July 2005: 35.
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SCIENCE IN IRAN:
Hard-Liner's Triumph Puts Research Plans in Doubt

Richard Stone
Science 1 July 2005: 36-37.
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NANOTECHNOLOGY:
EPA Ponders Voluntary Nanotechnology Regulations

Robert F. Service
Science 1 July 2005: 36.
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2006 BUDGET:
Can Congress Save NASA Science?

Andrew Lawler
Science 1 July 2005: 37.
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ScienceScope

Science 1 July 2005: 31.
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Random Samples

Science 1 July 2005: 47.
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News Focus

CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS:
Flowing Crystals Flummox Physicists

Adrian Cho
Science 1 July 2005: 38-40.
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CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS:
The Quirks and Culture of Helium

Adrian Cho
Science 1 July 2005: 39.
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CLIMATE CHANGE:
Atlantic Climate Pacemaker for Millennia Past, Decades Hence?

Richard A. Kerr
Science 1 July 2005: 41-43.
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ASTRONOMY:
Suitcase-Sized Space Telescope Fills a Big Stellar Niche

Andrew Fazekas
Science 1 July 2005: 43-44.
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CENTRAL ASIA:
Combating Radioactive Risks and Isolation in Tajikistan

Richard Stone
Science 1 July 2005: 44-45.
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CENTRAL ASIA:
Shock and Recovery

Richard Stone
Science 1 July 2005: 45.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 1 July 2005: 51.
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 What Can Be Done To Stop the Decline?

Leon M. Lederman
Science 1 July 2005: 51.
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 Arguing About the Use of Stem Cells

Barry Bradford
Science 1 July 2005: 51.
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 Evangelical Biologists and Evolution

John C. Sutherland
Science 1 July 2005: 51.
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 Debating Whale Sanctuaries

Vassili Papastavrou, Russell Leaper;, Leah R. Gerber, K. David Hyrenbach, and Mark A. Zacharias
Science 1 July 2005: 51-52.
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 When Will the Oil Run Out?

Lindsey Grant
Science 1 July 2005: 52-54.
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 Recalculating Future Oil Reserves

David Ehrenfeld
Science 1 July 2005: 54-56.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 1 July 2005: 56.
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Books et al.

HISTORY OF SCIENCE:
The Many Trials of Galileo Galilei

Peter Machamer
Science 1 July 2005: 58.
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DANCE: PHYSICS:
Dancing Einstein

John Bohannon
Science 1 July 2005: 59.
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 Books Received

Science 1 July 2005: 59.

Essays on Science and Society

GLOBAL VOICES OF SCIENCE:
Ascent of Nanoscience in China

Chunli Bai
Science 1 July 2005: 61-63.
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Policy Forum

NANOTECHNOLOGY:
Small Things and Big Changes in the Developing World

Mohamed H. A. Hassan
Science 1 July 2005: 65-66.
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Perspectives

MATERIALS SCIENCE:
Expanding the Molecular Electronics Toolbox

Charles R. Martin and Lane A. Baker
Science 1 July 2005: 67-68.
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ECOLOGY:
Food Web Ecology: Playing Jenga and Beyond

Peter C. de Ruiter, Volkmar Wolters, John C. Moore, and Kirk O. Winemiller
Science 1 July 2005: 68-71.
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ASTRONOMY:
Enhanced: Masers in the Sky

Moshe Elitzur
Science 1 July 2005: 71-72.
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GENETICS:
Themes and Variations in Apicomplexan Parasite Biology

David S. Roos
Science 1 July 2005: 72-73.
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Brevia

Genome Analysis Reveals Pili in Group B Streptococcus

Peter Lauer, Cira D. Rinaudo, Marco Soriani, Immaculada Margarit, Domenico Maione, Roberto Rosini, Anna Rita Taddei, Marirosa Mora, Rino Rappuoli, Guido Grandi, and John L. Telford
Science 1 July 2005: 105.
Long thin pili, previously overlooked,extend from the surface of certain disease-causing bacteria and are required for pathogenesis. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Discovery of Pulsed OH Maser Emission Stimulated by a Pulsar

Joel M. Weisberg, Simon Johnston, Bärbel Koribalski, and Snezana Stanimirovic
Science 1 July 2005: 106-110.
Published online 26 May 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1112494] (in Science Express Reports)
Photons from a pulsar stimulate episodic laser emission from an interstellar molecular cloud, providing a new means to probe cloud density and dynamics. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A High-Pressure Structure in Curium Linked to Magnetism

S. Heathman, R. G. Haire, T. Le Bihan, A. Lindbaum, M. Idiri, P. Normile, S. Li, R. Ahuja, B. Johansson, and G. H. Lander
Science 1 July 2005: 110-113.
Under high pressure, curium forms a phase that is stabilized by magnetic correlations in its f electron shell, analogous to iron and copper phases stabilized by d electrons. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

On-Wire Lithography

Lidong Qin, Sungho Park, Ling Huang, and Chad A. Mirkin
Science 1 July 2005: 113-115.
Gaps as small as 5 nanometers, useful for trapping molecules or affecting wire properties, can be etched into one side of a bimetallic nanowire, with the other side stabilizing the gap. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Atlantic Ocean Forcing of North American and European Summer Climate

Rowan T. Sutton and Daniel L. R. Hodson
Science 1 July 2005: 115-118.
Climate model results indicate that decadal variations in the circulation of the Atlantic Ocean have a dominant influence on summer climates of North America and western Europe. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

GRIP Deuterium Excess Reveals Rapid and Orbital-Scale Changes in Greenland Moisture Origin

V. Masson-Delmotte, J. Jouzel, A. Landais, M. Stievenard, S. J. Johnsen, J. W. C. White, M. Werner, A. Sveinbjornsdottir, and K. Fuhrer
Science 1 July 2005: 118-121.
A detailed hydrogen isotope record from a Greenland ice core helps reveal how the distribution of sea ice and thus moisture sources contribute to rapid climate changes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Magnetic Nanoprobe Technology for Detecting Molecular Interactions in Live Cells

Jaejoon Won, Mina Kim, Yong-Weon Yi, Young Ho Kim, Neoncheol Jung, and Tae Kook Kim
Science 1 July 2005: 121-125.
Magnetic nanoparticles coupled to small-molecule probes are taken up by living cells and can be used to detect target proteins and activation of signaling pathways. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cell-to-Cell Transfer of Bacterial Outer Membrane Lipoproteins

Eric Nudleman, Daniel Wall, and Dale Kaiser
Science 1 July 2005: 125-127.
Membrane proteins can be directly exchanged among bacteria, leading to correction of motility defects in mutant strains. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ubiquitination on Nonlysine Residues by a Viral E3 Ubiquitin Ligase

Ken Cadwell and Laurent Coscoy
Science 1 July 2005: 127-130.
The peptide tags that mark proteins for degradation can be attached to cysteine residues in addition to the well-known lysine attachment sites. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Genome of the Host-Cell Transforming Parasite Theileria annulata Compared with T. parva

Arnab Pain, Hubert Renauld, Matthew Berriman, Lee Murphy, Corin A. Yeats, William Weir, Arnaud Kerhornou, Martin Aslett, Richard Bishop, Christiane Bouchier, Madeleine Cochet, Richard M. R. Coulson, Ann Cronin, Etienne P. de Villiers, Audrey Fraser, Nigel Fosker, Malcolm Gardner, Arlette Goble, Sam Griffiths-Jones, David E. Harris, Frank Katzer, Natasha Larke, Angela Lord, Pascal Maser, Sue McKellar, Paul Mooney, Fraser Morton, Vishvanath Nene, Susan O'Neil, Claire Price, Michael A. Quail, Ester Rabbinowitsch, Neil D. Rawlings, Simon Rutter, David Saunders, Kathy Seeger, Trushar Shah, Robert Squares, Steven Squares, Adrian Tivey, Alan R. Walker, John Woodward, Dirk A. E. Dobbelaere, Gordon Langsley, Marie-Adele Rajandream, Declan McKeever, Brian Shiels, Andrew Tait, Bart Barrell, and Neil Hall
Science 1 July 2005: 131-133.
Two parasitic protozoans that cause tick-borne disease in cattle and man unexpectedly carry no obvious genes that account for their ability to transform host lymphocytes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Genome Sequence of Theileria parva, a Bovine Pathogen That Transforms Lymphocytes

Malcolm J. Gardner, Richard Bishop, Trushar Shah, Etienne P. de Villiers, Jane M. Carlton, Neil Hall, Qinghu Ren, Ian T. Paulsen, Arnab Pain, Matthew Berriman, Robert J. M. Wilson, Shigeharu Sato, Stuart A. Ralph, David J. Mann, Zikai Xiong, Shamira J. Shallom, Janice Weidman, Lingxia Jiang, Jeffery Lynn, Bruce Weaver, Azadeh Shoaibi, Alexander R. Domingo, Delia Wasawo, Jonathan Crabtree, Jennifer R. Wortman, Brian Haas, Samuel V. Angiuoli, Todd H. Creasy, Charles Lu, Bernard Suh, Joana C. Silva, Teresa R. Utterback, Tamara V. Feldblyum, Mihaela Pertea, Jonathan Allen, William C. Nierman, Evans L. N. Taracha, Steven L. Salzberg, Owen R. White, Henry A. Fitzhugh, Subhash Morzaria, J. Craig Venter, Claire M. Fraser, and Vishvanath Nene
Science 1 July 2005: 134-137.
Two parasitic protozoans that cause tick-borne disease in cattle and man unexpectedly carry no obvious genes that account for their ability to transform host lymphocytes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Long-Term Monitoring of Bacteria Undergoing Programmed Population Control in a Microchemostat

Frederick K. Balagaddé, Lingchong You, Carl L. Hansen, Frances H. Arnold, and Stephen R. Quake
Science 1 July 2005: 137-140.
A small population of floating bacteria genetically engineered to regulate their own density can be maintained and thereby studied in a microfluidic culture system. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

tRNA Actively Shuttles Between the Nucleus and Cytosol in Yeast

Akira Takano, Toshiya Endo, and Tohru Yoshihisa
Science 1 July 2005: 140-142.
Published online 19 May 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1113346] (in Science Express Reports)
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Variable Control of Ets-1 DNA Binding by Multiple Phosphates in an Unstructured Region

Miles A. Pufall, Gregory M. Lee, Mary L. Nelson, Hyun-Seo Kang, Algirdas Velyvis, Lewis E. Kay, Lawrence P. McIntosh, and Barbara J. Graves
Science 1 July 2005: 142-145.
Variable phosphorylation on a flexible region of a transcription factor acts as a rheostat to regulate DNA binding by gradually shifting the equilibrium between high and low affinity states. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Effects of Landscape Corridors on Seed Dispersal by Birds

Douglas J. Levey, Benjamin M. Bolker, Joshua J. Tewksbury, Sarah Sargent, and Nick M. Haddad
Science 1 July 2005: 146-148.
Eastern Bluebirds carry more seeds between connected forest patches than between isolated patches, demonstrating the importance of corridors in landscape models of seed dispersal. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Identification of a Universal Group B Streptococcus Vaccine by Multiple Genome Screen

Domenico Maione, Immaculada Margarit, Cira D. Rinaudo, Vega Masignani, Marirosa Mora, Maria Scarselli, Hervé Tettelin, Cecilia Brettoni, Emilia T. Iacobini, Roberto Rosini, Nunzio D'Agostino, Lisa Miorin, Scilla Buccato, Massimo Mariani, Giuliano Galli, Renzo Nogarotto, Vincenzo Nardi Dei, Filipo Vegni, Claire Fraser, Giuseppe Mancuso, Giuseppe Teti, Lawrence C. Madoff, Lawrence C. Paoletti, Rino Rappuoli, Dennis L. Kasper, John L. Telford, and Guido Grandi
Science 1 July 2005: 148-150.
A broadly specific vaccine for strep was developed by using many strains of the bacteria to select the target antigens, potentially replacing the need for multiple vaccines. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "Children Creating Core Properties of Language: Evidence from an Emerging Sign Language in Nicaragua"

Tommaso Russo and Virginia Volterra
Science 1 July 2005: 56.
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 Response to Comment on "Children Creating Core Properties of Language: Evidence from an Emerging Sign Language in Nicaragua"

Ann Senghas, Asli Özyürek, and Sotaro Kita
Science 1 July 2005: 56.
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