This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 24 June 2005: 1837.
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Editorial:
Science and Prohibited Weapons

Robin Coupland and Kobi-Renée Leins
Science 24 June 2005: 1841.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 24 June 2005: 1843.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 24 June 2005: 1847.
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 AAAS News & Notes

Science 24 June 2005: 1880-1882.

 New Products

Science 24 June 2005: 1938.
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News of the Week

EUROPEAN UNION:
Political Crisis Puts Europe's Research Ambitions in Doubt

Martin Enserink
Science 24 June 2005: 1848-1849.
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CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS:
Tiny Whirlpools Prove Atoms Flow Freely

Adrian Cho
Science 24 June 2005: 1848-1849.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES:
Lapses Worry Bird Flu Experts

Dennis Normile and Martin Enserink
Science 24 June 2005: 1849-1851.
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EUROPEAN PATENTS:
BRCA2 Claim Faces New Challenge

Eliot Marshall
Science 24 June 2005: 1851.
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NUCLEAR SCIENCE:
RHIC Gets Nod Over JLab in Worst-Case DOE Scenario

Charles Seife
Science 24 June 2005: 1852-1853.
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TAIWAN:
New University President Has Links to Paranormal Research

Lei Du
Science 24 June 2005: 1852.
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BEHAVIOR:
Bird Alarm Calls Size Up Predators

Greg Miller
Science 24 June 2005: 1853-1855.
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MARINE BIOLOGY:
Microbe May Push Photosynthesis Into Deep Water

John Bohannon
Science 24 June 2005: 1855.
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ScienceScope

Science 24 June 2005: 1851.
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Random Samples

Science 24 June 2005: 1864.
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News Focus

NEUROLOGY:
Autistic Brains Out of Synch?

Ingrid Wickelgren
Science 24 June 2005: 1856-1858.
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PHARMACOGENOMICS:
Going From Genome to Pill

Robert F. Service
Science 24 June 2005: 1858-1860.
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CENTRAL ASIA:
Visions of a Biotech Empire on the Kazakh Steppe

Richard Stone
Science 24 June 2005: 1861.
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CELL BIOLOGY:
The Ins and Outs of Exosomes

Jennifer Couzin
Science 24 June 2005: 1862-1863.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 24 June 2005: 1867.
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 Problems with Co-Funding in Canada

Mike Tyers, Eric Brown, David W. Andrews, John J. M. Bergeron, Charles Boone, Roderick Bremner, Howard A. Bussey, James C. Cross, Julian E. Davies, Michel Desjardins, John E. Dick, Daniel J. Dumont, Daniel Durocher, Michael J. Ellison, G. Brian Golding, Michael W. Gray, Lea A. Harrington, Philip A. Hieter, Gerald Johnston, David J. Kelvin, Brian E. McCarry, Stephen W. Michnick, Francis Ouellette, Ron E. Pearlman, Linda J. Z. Penn, Jerry Pelletier, Richard A. Rachubinski, Paul S. Rennie, Daniela Rotin, Robert Rottapel, Ivan Sadowski, Frank Sicheri, Lou Siminovitch, Nahum Sonenberg, K. W. Michael Siu, Michel L. Tremblay, Neil Winegarden, Richard W. Wozniak, Gerard D. Wright, and James R. Woodgett
Science 24 June 2005: 1867.
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 Issues in Biosecurity and Biosafety

Robert M. Cook-Deegan, Ruth Berkelman, E. Megan Davidson, Stuart Finder, Elizabeth Heitman, Maureen C. Kelley, Nancy M. P. King, Ray Moseley, James C. Thomas, Samuel J. Tilden, and Nikki M. Vangsnes
Science 24 June 2005: 1867-1868.
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 Problems in Patenting Human Genes

Kate H. Murashige;, Joseph J. Rolla;, Jordan Paradise, Lori B. Andrews, and Timothy Holbrook
Science 24 June 2005: 1868-1870.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 24 June 2005: 1870.
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Books et al.

MATHEMATICS:
Probing Performance Gaps

Debra Lewis
Science 24 June 2005: 1871-1872.
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MATHEMATICS:
Landmarks on the Road to Modern Analysis

Judith V. Grabiner
Science 24 June 2005: 1872.
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 Books Received

Science 24 June 2005: 1872.

Policy Forum

VOTING TECHNOLOGY:
Election Auditing Is an End-to-End Procedure

Ted Selker
Science 24 June 2005: 1873-1874.
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Perspectives

BIOMEDICINE:
Enhanced: The Anti-Aging Sweepstakes: Catalase Runs for the ROSes

Richard A. Miller
Science 24 June 2005: 1875-1876.
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CHEMISTRY:
Dioxygen Surprises

Jan Reedijk
Science 24 June 2005: 1876-1877.
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OCEANS:
How Does the Antarctic Ice Sheet Affect Sea Level Rise?

David G. Vaughan
Science 24 June 2005: 1877-1878.
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IMMUNOLOGY:
Close to the Edge: Neutralizing the HIV-1 Envelope

Gary J. Nabel
Science 24 June 2005: 1878-1879.
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Brevia

Larger Islands House More Bacterial Taxa

Thomas Bell, Duane Ager, Ji-Inn Song, Jonathan A. Newman, Ian P. Thompson, Andrew K. Lilley, and Christopher J. van der Gast
Science 24 June 2005: 1884.
Microbes, thought to be exceptions from the power law that predicts more species in large areas, actually obey it in "island" habitats like tree holes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

The Rotational Spectrum and Structure of the HOOO Radical

Kohsuke Suma, Yoshihiro Sumiyoshi, and Yasuki Endo
Science 24 June 2005: 1885-1886.
Published online 5 May 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1112233] (in Science Express Reports)
Spectrometry shows that the HOOO radical is Z-shaped, not a cis-structure as had been thought, providing a signature to look for this potentially important species in the atmosphere. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Enols Are Common Intermediates in Hydrocarbon Oxidation

Craig A. Taatjes, Nils Hansen, Andrew McIlroy, James A. Miller, Juan P. Senosiain, Stephen J. Klippenstein, Fei Qi, Liusi Sheng, Yunwu Zhang, Terrill A. Cool, Juan Wang, Phillip R. Westmoreland, Matthew E. Law, Tina Kasper, and Katharina Kohse-Höinghaus
Science 24 June 2005: 1887-1889.
Published online 12 May 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1112532] (in Science Express Reports)
Contrary to traditional combustion models, gasoline flames unexpectedly contain short-lived enols, compounds in which an OH species is bound to a carbon double bond. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Tyrosinase Reactivity in a Model Complex: An Alternative Hydroxylation Mechanism

Liviu M. Mirica, Michael Vance, Deanne Jackson Rudd, Britt Hedman, Keith O. Hodgson, Edward I. Solomon, and T. Daniel P. Stack
Science 24 June 2005: 1890-1892.
Spectroscopy of a copper dimer, a model of an oxidizing enzyme’s active site, implies that the O-O bond is cleaved before, not after, the enzyme binds to substrate. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Sound Velocities of Hot Dense Iron: Birch's Law Revisited

Jung-Fu Lin, Wolfgang Sturhahn, Jiyong Zhao, Guoyin Shen, Ho-kwang Mao, and Russell J. Hemley
Science 24 June 2005: 1892-1894.
As temperature increases, sound travels more slowly through iron at high pressure, implying that Earth's iron core contains more light elements than previously realized. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Deep-Sea Temperature and Circulation Changes at the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

Aradhna Tripati and Henry Elderfield
Science 24 June 2005: 1894-1898.
A change in deep-ocean circulation preceded the sudden increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases 55 million years ago that caused rapid global warming. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Snowfall-Driven Growth in East Antarctic Ice Sheet Mitigates Recent Sea-Level Rise

Curt H. Davis, Yonghong Li, Joseph R. McConnell, Markus M. Frey, and Edward Hanna
Science 24 June 2005: 1898-1901.
Published online 19 May 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1110662] (in Science Express Reports)
High amounts of snowfall have increased the thickness of the interior of the East Antarctic ice sheet from 1992 to 2003. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cleaning the Air and Improving Health with Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles

M. Z. Jacobson, W. G. Colella, and D. M. Golden
Science 24 June 2005: 1901-1905.
Modeling a switch from gasoline to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles suggests that reduced emissions could save several thousand lives annually in the United States. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cardiolipin Polyspecific Autoreactivity in Two Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibodies

Barton F. Haynes, Judith Fleming, E. William St. Clair, Herman Katinger, Gabriela Stiegler, Renate Kunert, James Robinson, Richard M. Scearce, Kelly Plonk, Herman F. Staats, Thomas L. Ortel, Hua-Xin Liao, and S. Munir Alam
Science 24 June 2005: 1906-1908.
Published online 28 April 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1111781] (in Science Express Reports)
Antibodies that react with a broad range of HIV strains and could therefore be protective also react against the patients' own proteins, explaining their scarcity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Extension of Murine Life Span by Overexpression of Catalase Targeted to Mitochondria

Samuel E. Schriner, Nancy J. Linford, George M. Martin, Piper Treuting, Charles E. Ogburn, Mary Emond, Pinar E. Coskun, Warren Ladiges, Norman Wolf, Holly Van Remmen, Douglas C. Wallace, and Peter S. Rabinovitch
Science 24 June 2005: 1909-1911.
Published online 5 May 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1106653] (in Science Express Reports)
In mice, expression of extra copies of an antioxidase enzyme in mitochondria reduces age-related decline and prolongs life span. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Climate Change and Distribution Shifts in Marine Fishes

Allison L. Perry, Paula J. Low, Jim R. Ellis, and John D. Reynolds
Science 24 June 2005: 1912-1915.
Published online 12 May 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1111322] (in Science Express Reports)
Fish populations have shifted northward by 50 to 800 km as the North Sea has warmed over the past 25 years. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Community Proteomics of a Natural Microbial Biofilm

Rachna J. Ram, Nathan C. VerBerkmoes, Michael P. Thelen, Gene W. Tyson, Brett J. Baker, Robert C. Blake, II, Manesh Shah, Robert L. Hettich, and Jillian F. Banfield
Science 24 June 2005: 1915-1920.
Published online 5 May 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1109070] (in Science Express Reports)
Analysis of 2033 proteins from the five predominant microbes in an acid mine drainage biofilm reveal many proteins involved in protein refolding and response to oxidative stress. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Synapses Form in Skeletal Muscles Lacking Neuregulin Receptors

P. Escher, E. Lacazette, M. Courtet, A. Blindenbacher, L. Landmann, G. Bezakova, K. C. Lloyd, U. Mueller, and H. R. Brenner
Science 24 June 2005: 1920-1923.
A receptor previously thought to be necessary for neuromuscular junction formation is found to exert its effect only indirectly, through glial cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Dependence of Olfactory Bulb Neurogenesis on Prokineticin 2 Signaling

Kwan L. Ng, Jia-Da Li, Michelle Y. Cheng, Frances M. Leslie, Alex G. Lee, and Qun-Yong Zhou
Science 24 June 2005: 1923-1927.
A secreted protein is identified that attracts neural progenitors to the olfactory bulb and triggers a signaling pathway for their incorporation into the tissue. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

GDF11 Controls the Timing of Progenitor Cell Competence in Developing Retina

Joon Kim, Hsiao-Huei Wu, Arthur D. Lander, Karen M. Lyons, Martin M. Matzuk, and Anne L. Calof
Science 24 June 2005: 1927-1930.
A growth factor in the developing retina tells the progenitor cells when to stop forming one differentiated cell type and to begin production of the others. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Elementary Response of Olfactory Receptor Neurons to Odorants

Vikas Bhandawat, Johannes Reisert, and King-Wai Yau
Science 24 June 2005: 1931-1934.
Odor molecules are less effective in eliciting a response than are photons of light, reflecting a fundamental difference in how the two sensory receptors amplify impinging signals. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Allometry of Alarm Calls: Black-Capped Chickadees Encode Information About Predator Size

Christopher N. Templeton, Erick Greene, and Kate Davis
Science 24 June 2005: 1934-1937.
The alarm calls of chickadees communicate unexpectedly sophisticated information about the size and threat level of such predators as raptors and cats. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "S-Nitrosylation of Parkin Regulates Ubiquitination and Compromises Parkin's Protective Function"

Stuart A. Lipton, Tomohiro Nakamura, Dongdong Yao, Zhong-Qing Shi, Takashi Uehara, and Zezong Gu
Science 24 June 2005: 1870.
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 Response to Comment on "S-Nitrosylation of Parkin Regulates Ubiquitination and Compromises Parkin's Protective Function"

Kenny K. K. Chung, Valina L. Dawson, and Ted M. Dawson
Science 24 June 2005: 1870.
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