This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 17 June 2005: 1709.
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Editorial:
The Fight of the Decade

Donald Kennedy
Science 17 June 2005: 1713.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 17 June 2005: 1715.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 17 June 2005: 1721.
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 New Products

Science 17 June 2005: 1805.
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News of the Week

ITALIAN SCIENCE:
Abstentions Scuttle Drive to Liberalize Italy's Embryo Laws

Gretchen Vogel
Science 17 June 2005: 1722.
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SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING:
Society Bars Papers From Iranian Authors

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 17 June 2005: 1722-1723.
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GEOCHEMISTRY:
New Geochemical Benchmark Changes Everything on Earth

Richard A. Kerr
Science 17 June 2005: 1723-1724.
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:
Nucleosomes Help Guide Yeast Gene Activity

Jean Marx
Science 17 June 2005: 1724.
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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY:
U.S. Patent Reform Begins Long Journey Through Congress

Eli Kintisch
Science 17 June 2005: 1725-1726.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES:
Turf War Halts Spain's Foot-and-Mouth Disease Studies

Martin Enserink
Science 17 June 2005: 1726.
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ASTRONOMY:
Extrasolar Planets Get Smaller and (Possibly) Harder

Robert Irion
Science 17 June 2005: 1727.
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GENETICS:
Jumping DNA Mixes It Up in the Developing Brain

Greg Miller
Science 17 June 2005: 1729.
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BIOMEDICAL POLICY:
House Approves 0.5% Raise for NIH, Comments on Database

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 17 June 2005: 1729.
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ScienceScope

Science 17 June 2005: 1725.
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Random Samples

Science 17 June 2005: 1738.
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News Focus

EARTH SCIENCE:
The Story of O₂

Richard A. Kerr
Science 17 June 2005: 1730-1732.
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EARTH SCIENCE:
A Better Atmosphere for Life

Richard A. Kerr
Science 17 June 2005: 1732.
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AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY MEETING:
A Sprawling Andromeda Galaxy Startles and Puzzles Observers

Robert Irion
Science 17 June 2005: 1733.
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AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY MEETING:
Snapshots From the Meeting

Robert Irion
Science 17 June 2005: 1733.
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AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY MEETING:
A Rocky Landing for Deep Impact?

Robert Irion
Science 17 June 2005: 1735-1375.
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AMERICAN SOCIETY OF GENE THERAPY MEETING:
Retroviral Vectors: A Double-Edged Sword

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 17 June 2005: 1735-1736.
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AMERICAN SOCIETY OF GENE THERAPY MEETING:
Smart Vector Restores Liver Enzyme

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 17 June 2005: 1736.
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SPACE EXPLORATION:
Private Mission Aims to Give Solar Sails Their Day in the Sun

Daniel Clery
Science 17 June 2005: 1737.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 17 June 2005: 1740.
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 Retraction

Priscilla K. Cooper, Thierry Nouspikel, and Stuart G. Clarkson
Science 17 June 2005: 1740.
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 Reassessing U.S. Coral Reefs

Richard W. Grigg, Steven J. Dollar;, Amit Huppert;, Billy D. Causey, Katherine Andrews;, William L. Kruczynski;, William F. Precht, Steven L. Miller, Richard B. Aronson, John F. Bruno, Les Kaufman;, Jeremy B. C. Jackson, John C. Ogden, John M. Pandolfi, Nancy Baron, Roger H. Bradbury, Hector M. Guzman, Terence P. Hughes, Carrie V. Kappel, Fiorenza Micheli, Hugh P. Possingham, and Enric Sala
Science 17 June 2005: 1740-1742.
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 Written in Our Genes?

Jeremy Nathans
Science 17 June 2005: 1742.
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 CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS

Science 17 June 2005: 1742-1743.
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Books et al.

MEDICINE:
Vanquishing the Terror of Poliomyelitis

Mark Pallansch
Science 17 June 2005: 1744-1745.
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FILM: HISTORY OF SCIENCE:
Nature's Beauty and Haeckel's Talents

Manfred Laubichler
Science 17 June 2005: 1746.
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 Books Received

Science 17 June 2005: 1746.

Policy Forum

ETHICS:
Issues in Oocyte Donation for Stem Cell Research

David Magnus and Mildred K. Cho
Science 17 June 2005: 1747-1748.
Published online 19 May 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1114454] (in Science Express Policy Forum)
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Perspectives

PLANT SCIENCE:
GRAS Genes and the Symbiotic Green Revolution

Michael K. Udvardi and Wolf-Rüdiger Scheible
Science 17 June 2005: 1749-1750.
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ARCHAEOLOGY:
Enhanced: Glassmaking in Bronze-Age Egypt

Caroline M. Jackson
Science 17 June 2005: 1750-1752.
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MACROEVOLUTION:
Seeds of Diversity

Douglas H. Erwin
Science 17 June 2005: 1752-1753.
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CLIMATE:
Uncertainty in Hurricanes and Global Warming

Kevin Trenberth
Science 17 June 2005: 1753-1754.
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Brevia

Energetics of Load Carrying in Nepalese Porters

Guillaume J. Bastien, Bénédicte Schepens, Patrick A. Willems, and Norman C. Heglund
Science 17 June 2005: 1755.
Nepalese porters pay a relatively small metabolic price for carrying enormously heavy loads. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Late Bronze Age Glass Production at Qantir-Piramesses, Egypt

Thilo Rehren and Edgar B. Pusch
Science 17 June 2005: 1756-1758.
Glass slag and glass-coated ceramic vessels from the eastern Nile Delta imply that widely distributed glass artifacts dating to 1500 B.C. were produced primarily in Egypt. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Tubulin Polyglutamylase Enzymes Are Members of the TTL Domain Protein Family

Carsten Janke, Krzysztof Rogowski, Dorota Wloga, Catherine Regnard, Andrey V. Kajava, Jean-Marc Strub, Nevzat Temurak, Juliette van Dijk, Dominique Boucher, Alain van Dorsselaer, Swati Suryavanshi, Jacek Gaertig, and Bernard Eddé
Science 17 June 2005: 1758-1762.
Published online 12 May 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1113010] (in Science Express Research Articles)
An amino acid ligase, the first of a newly described family of enzymes, adds polyglutamyl groups to tubulin to help regulate the cytoskeleton. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Quantum Interference Device Made by DNA Templating of Superconducting Nanowires

David S. Hopkins, David Pekker, Paul M. Goldbart, and Alexey Bezryadin
Science 17 June 2005: 1762-1765.
Two strands of DNA are used as a template to deposit two thin superconducting nanowires, which produce novel interference effects. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Spectral Signatures of Hydrated Proton Vibrations in Water Clusters

Jeffrey M. Headrick, Eric G. Diken, Richard S. Walters, Nathan I. Hammer, Richard A. Christie, Jun Cui, Evgeniy M. Myshakin, Michael A. Duncan, Mark A. Johnson, and Kenneth D. Jordan
Science 17 June 2005: 1765-1769.
The extra proton in an acidic water shell is bound to either one or two water molecules, or partially to both, depending on the size of the shell. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

The Size and Duration of the Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake from Far-Field Static Offsets

P. Banerjee, F. F. Pollitz, and R. Bürgmann
Science 17 June 2005: 1769-1772.
Published online 19 May 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1113746] (in Science Express Reports)
Global Positioning System data imply that considerable energy was released more than 1 hour after the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake started and after the full fault had ruptured. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Dilution of the Northern North Atlantic Ocean in Recent Decades

Ruth Curry and Cecilie Mauritzen
Science 17 June 2005: 1772-1774.
A large volume of fresh water entered the North Atlantic during the past 50 years, particularly in the late 1960s, lowering its salinity but not yet altering deep ocean circulation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Secondary Evolutionary Escalation Between Brachiopods and Enemies of Other Prey

Michal Kowalewski, Alan P. Hoffmeister, Tomasz K. Baumiller, and Richard K. Bambach
Science 17 June 2005: 1774-1777.
For hundreds of millions of years, generalized predators have occasionally drilled holes in brachiopods opportunistically, not as part of an evolutionary arms race. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Patient-Specific Embryonic Stem Cells Derived from Human SCNT Blastocysts

Woo Suk Hwang, Sung Il Roh, Byeong Chun Lee, Sung Keun Kang, Dae Kee Kwon, Sue Kim, Sun Jong Kim, Sun Woo Park, Hee Sun Kwon, Chang Kyu Lee, Jung Bok Lee, Jin Mee Kim, Curie Ahn, Sun Ha Paek, Sang Sik Chang, Jung Jin Koo, Hyun Soo Yoon, Jung Hye Hwang, Youn Young Hwang, Ye Soo Park, Sun Kyung Oh, Hee Sun Kim, Jong Hyuk Park, Shin Yong Moon, and Gerald Schatten
Science 17 June 2005: 1777-1783.
Published online 19 May 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1112286] (in Science Express Reports)
Eleven human embryonic stem cell lines derived from cells of males and females suffering from injury or disease have been generated by improved somatic cell nuclear transfer. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Correction »|  

Cladosporium Avr2 Inhibits Tomato Rcr3 Protease Required for Cf-2-Dependent Disease Resistance

Henrietta C. E. Rooney, John W. van't Klooster, Renier A. L. van der Hoorn, Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten, Jonathan D. G. Jones, and Pierre J. G. M. de Wit
Science 17 June 2005: 1783-1786.
Published online 21 April 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1111404] (in Science Express Reports)
Before tomatoes can defend themselves against a common invading fungus, the elicitor protein of the fungus must inactivate a tomato extracellular protease, thus triggering a defensive response. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nodulation Signaling in Legumes Requires NSP2, a Member of the GRAS Family of Transcriptional Regulators

Péter Kaló, Cynthia Gleason, Anne Edwards, John Marsh, Raka M. Mitra, Sibylle Hirsch, Júlia Jakab, Sarah Sims, Sharon R. Long, Jane Rogers, György B. Kiss, J. Allan Downie, and Giles E. D. Oldroyd
Science 17 June 2005: 1786-1789.
Two plant-specific transcription factors jointly guide the development of nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of legumes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

NSP1 of the GRAS Protein Family Is Essential for Rhizobial Nod Factor-Induced Transcription

Patrick Smit, John Raedts, Vladimir Portyanko, Frédéric Debellé, Clare Gough, Ton Bisseling, and René Geurts
Science 17 June 2005: 1789-1791.
Two plant-specific transcription factors jointly guide the development of nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of legumes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Major Dissociation Between Medial and Lateral Entorhinal Input to Dorsal Hippocampus

Eric L. Hargreaves, Geeta Rao, Inah Lee, and James J. Knierim
Science 17 June 2005: 1792-1794.
A brain center known to store short-term memories integrates spatial and nonspatial information received separately from adjacent cortices. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Early Asymmetry of Gene Transcription in Embryonic Human Left and Right Cerebral Cortex

Tao Sun, Christina Patoine, Amir Abu-Khalil, Jane Visvader, Eleanor Sum, Timothy J. Cherry, Stuart H. Orkin, Daniel H. Geschwind, and Christopher A. Walsh
Science 17 June 2005: 1794-1798.
Published online 12 May 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1110324] (in Science Express Reports)
Transcription factors become asymmetrically distributed by 12 weeks in the developing human brain, foreshadowing the well-known left-right differences in brain function. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Complementary Process to Response Bias in the Centromedian Nucleus of the Thalamus

Takafumi Minamimoto, Yukiko Hori, and Minoru Kimura
Science 17 June 2005: 1798-1801.
Neurons deep in the brain are activated when subjects must choose a smaller reward when expecting a larger one, possibly encoding the emotion of disappointment or regret. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Mutation in the TRPC6 Cation Channel Causes Familial Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Michelle P. Winn, Peter J. Conlon, Kelvin L. Lynn, Merry Kay Farrington, Tony Creazzo, April F. Hawkins, Nikki Daskalakis, Shu Ying Kwan, Seth Ebersviller, James L. Burchette, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, David N. Howell, Jeffery M. Vance, and Paul B. Rosenberg
Science 17 June 2005: 1801-1804.
Published online 5 May 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1106215] (in Science Express Reports)
An inherited form of a life-threatening kidney disorder is caused by a defect in a membrane protein thought to regulate calcium entry into cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "Inflammatory Exposure and Historical Changes in Human Life-Spans"

Elisabetta Barbi and James W. Vaupel
Science 17 June 2005: 1743.
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 Response to Comment on "Inflammatory Exposure and Historical Changes in Human Life-Spans"

Caleb E. Finch and Eileen M. Crimmins
Science 17 June 2005: 1743.
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 Comment on "The Ocean Sink for Anthropogenic CO₂"

Ralph F. Keeling
Science 17 June 2005: 1743.
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 Response to Comment on "The Ocean Sink for Anthropogenic CO₂"

Christopher Sabine and Nicolas Gruber
Science 17 June 2005: 1743.
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