This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 3 June 2005: 1373.
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Editorial:
The Ivory-Bill Returns

Donald Kennedy
Science 3 June 2005: 1377.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 3 June 2005: 1379.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 3 June 2005: 1387.
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 New Products

Science 3 June 2005: 1484.
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News of the Week

EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS:
Spotlight Shifts to Senate After Historic House Vote

Constance Holden
Science 3 June 2005: 1388-1389.
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EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS:
Moderate Republican Led the Winning Coalition

Constance Holden
Science 3 June 2005: 1389.
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DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY:
Endocrine Disrupters Trigger Fertility Problems in Multiple Generations

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 3 June 2005: 1391-1392.
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GENETICS:
Spliced Gene Determines Objects of Flies' Desire

Greg Miller
Science 3 June 2005: 1392.
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BIOCHEMISTRY:
Protein That Mimics DNA Helps Tuberculosis Bacteria Resist Antibiotics

Dan Ferber
Science 3 June 2005: 1393.
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PUBLIC HEALTH:
Europe's New Disease Investigator Faces an Uphill Start

Martin Enserink
Science 3 June 2005: 1394.
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EVOLUTION POLITICS:
Is Holland Becoming the Kansas of Europe?

Martin Enserink
Science 3 June 2005: 1394.
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U.S. FUSION RESEARCH:
With Domestic Program at Issue, House Votes to Hold Up Funding for ITER

Eli Kintisch
Science 3 June 2005: 1395.
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SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION:
HHS Asks PNAS to Pull Bioterrorism Paper

Jon Cohen
Science 3 June 2005: 1395.
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U.S. IMMIGRATION POLICY:
Law Leads to Degrees But Not Jobs in Texas

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 3 June 2005: 1397.
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ACADEMIC POLITICS:
Boycott of Israeli Universities Overturned

Mason Inman
Science 3 June 2005: 1397.
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ScienceScope

Science 3 June 2005: 1391.
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Random Samples

Science 3 June 2005: 1406.
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News Focus

INTERVIEW:
Elias Zerhouni: Taking Stock

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 3 June 2005: 1398-1399.
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THE BIOLOGY OF GENOMES MEETING:
Reading Ancient DNA the Community Way

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 3 June 2005: 1401.
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THE BIOLOGY OF GENOMES MEETING:
Extinct Genome Under Construction

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 3 June 2005: 1401-1402.
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ORNITHOLOGY:
Citizen Scientists Supplement Work of Cornell Researchers

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 3 June 2005: 1402-1403.
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PONCE DE LEÓN AND ZOLLIKOFER PROFILE:
Building Virtual Hominids: Musical Duo Reconstructs Ancient Fossils

Michael Balter
Science 3 June 2005: 1404-1405.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 3 June 2005: 1409.
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 Regional Focus on GM Crop Regulation

Haruko Okusu and Kazuo N. Watanabe
Science 3 June 2005: 1409.
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 Accommodation or Prediction?

Kathrin Stanger-Hall;, Douglas Allchin;, Abraham Aviv;, Stephen G. Brush;, John Aach, George M. Church;, and Peter Lipton
Science 3 June 2005: 1409-1412.
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 Plutonium-238 and Cassini

A. David Rossin
Science 3 June 2005: 1412.
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 A Historical Note on Superconductors

Philip W. Anderson
Science 3 June 2005: 1412-1413.
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 CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS

Science 3 June 2005: 1413.
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Books et al.

HISTORY OF MEDICINE:
Diverse Roots Even Only in the West

Geoffrey Lloyd
Science 3 June 2005: 1414.
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FILM: ARCHAEOLOGY:
It's a Wrap

Esther M. Sternberg
Science 3 June 2005: 1415.
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 Browsings

Science 3 June 2005: 1415.
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 Books Received

Science 3 June 2005: 1415.

Essays on Science and Society

GLOBAL VOICES OF SCIENCE:
Science in the Arab World: Vision of Glories Beyond

Wasim Maziak
Science 3 June 2005: 1416-1418.
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 125th Anniversary Series

Science 3 June 2005: 1416.

Perspectives

MATERIALS SCIENCE:
Electronics Without Lead

Yi Li, Kyoung-sik Moon, and C. P. Wong
Science 3 June 2005: 1419-1420.
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CELL BIOLOGY:
Prion Toxicity: All Sail and No Anchor

Adriano Aguzzi
Science 3 June 2005: 1420-1421.
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CHEMISTRY:
Making Fuels from Biomass

Jens R. Rostrup-Nielsen
Science 3 June 2005: 1421-1422.
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ECOLOGY:
Enhanced: Rediscovery of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker

David S. Wilcove
Science 3 June 2005: 1422-1423.
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Review

Allosteric Mechanisms of Signal Transduction

Jean-Pierre Changeux and Stuart J. Edelstein
Science 3 June 2005: 1424-1428.
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Brevia

Disappearing Arctic Lakes

L. C. Smith, Y. Sheng, G. M. MacDonald, and L. D. Hinzman
Science 3 June 2005: 1429.
Satellite observations show that more than 1000 of the 10,000 lakes in Siberia have drained over the past 30 years as permafrost beneath them thawed. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Feeling the Beat: Movement Influences Infant Rhythm Perception

Jessica Phillips-Silver and Laurel J. Trainor
Science 3 June 2005: 1430.
Infants bounced in a waltz (three-beat) or a march (two-beat) rhythm prefer the corresponding pattern in an otherwise ambiguous series of sounds. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Earth's Energy Imbalance: Confirmation and Implications

James Hansen, Larissa Nazarenko, Reto Ruedy, Makiko Sato, Josh Willis, Anthony Del Genio, Dorothy Koch, Andrew Lacis, Ken Lo, Surabi Menon, Tica Novakov, Judith Perlwitz, Gary Russell, Gavin A. Schmidt, and Nicholas Tausnev
Science 3 June 2005: 1431-1435.
Published online 28 April 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1110252] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Earth is now absorbing nearly 1 W/m² more energy from the Sun than it is emitting to space, portending further warming even if greenhouse gas levels were immediately stabilized. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Anchorless Prion Protein Results in Infectious Amyloid Disease Without Clinical Scrapie

Bruce Chesebro, Matthew Trifilo, Richard Race, Kimberly Meade-White, Chao Teng, Rachel LaCasse, Lynne Raymond, Cynthia Favara, Gerald Baron, Suzette Priola, Byron Caughey, Eliezer Masliah, and Michael Oldstone
Science 3 June 2005: 1435-1439.
In mice in which the normal prion protein has been artificially severed from its membrane anchor, misfolded prion proteins produce amyloid plaques and brain damage, but not the clinical symptoms of scrapie. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Structure of the Ultrathin Aluminum Oxide Film on NiAl(110)

Georg Kresse, Michael Schmid, Evelyn Napetschnig, Maxim Shishkin, Lukas Köhler, and Peter Varga
Science 3 June 2005: 1440-1442.
In aluminum oxide films widely used as substrates for catalysts, aluminum is pyramidally and tetrahedrally coordinated as Al10O13, not as Al2O3 as in the bulk crystal. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Directed Assembly of Block Copolymer Blends into Nonregular Device-Oriented Structures

Mark P. Stoykovich, Marcus Müller, Sang Ouk Kim, Harun H. Solak, Erik W. Edwards, Juan J. de Pablo, and Paul F. Nealey
Science 3 June 2005: 1442-1446.
Mixing a simpler polymer with polymer blends that usually self-assemble into a regular grid yields a wide range of organized patterns, including angles and curves. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Production of Liquid Alkanes by Aqueous-Phase Processing of Biomass-Derived Carbohydrates

George W. Huber, Juben N. Chheda, Christopher J. Barrett, and James A. Dumesic
Science 3 June 2005: 1446-1450.
A reaction using sequential base and acid-metal catalysts converts biomass-derived sugars into sulfur-free alkanes that can be used as diesel fuel. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Kinetic Evidence for Five-Coordination in AlOH(aq)²⁺ Ion

Thomas W. Swaddle, Jörgen Rosenqvist, Ping Yu, Eric Bylaska, Brian L. Phillips, and William H. Casey
Science 3 June 2005: 1450-1453.
Published online 28 April 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1110231] (in Science Express Reports)
At moderate pH, dissolved aluminum ions bind five water molecules, yielding a coordinate species not found for other metals and forcing changes in reaction models for aluminum in the environment. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

An Observation of PKJKP: Inferences on Inner Core Shear Properties

Aimin Cao, Barbara Romanowicz, and Nozomu Takeuchi
Science 3 June 2005: 1453-1455.
Published online 14 April 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1109134] (in Science Express Reports)
The seismic shear wave that passes through Earth's inner core and provides direct evidence that it is indeed solid is detected after a long search. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Gender-Specific Reproductive Tissue in Ratites and Tyrannosaurus rex

Mary H. Schweitzer, Jennifer L. Wittmeyer, and John R. Horner
Science 3 June 2005: 1456-1460.
Specialized tissues, analogous to those providing calcium for eggs in female birds, line the marrow cavities in a T. rex bone, suggesting a way to sex dinosaur fossils. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) Persists in Continental North America

John W. Fitzpatrick, Martjan Lammertink, M. David Luneau, Jr., Tim W. Gallagher, Bobby R. Harrison, Gene M. Sparling, Kenneth V. Rosenberg, Ronald W. Rohrbaugh, Elliott C. H. Swarthout, Peter H. Wrege, Sara Barker Swarthout, Marc S. Dantzker, Russell A. Charif, Timothy R. Barksdale, J. V. Remsen, Jr., Scott D. Simon, and Douglas Zollner
Science 3 June 2005: 1460-1462.
Published online 28 April 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1114103] (in Science Express Reports)
Multiple observations over 1 year and a video show that the "extinct" ivory-billed woodpecker survives in the Mississippi River bottomlands. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Accelerated Intestinal Epithelial Cell Turnover: A New Mechanism of Parasite Expulsion

Laura J. Cliffe, Neil E Humphreys, Thomas E. Lane, Chris S. Potten, Cath Booth, and Richard K. Grencis
Science 3 June 2005: 1463-1465.
Mice resist infection by an intestinal parasite by rapidly shedding gut epithelial cells, thus expelling the worm. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Epigenetic Transgenerational Actions of Endocrine Disruptors and Male Fertility

Matthew D. Anway, Andrea S. Cupp, Mehmet Uzumcu, and Michael K. Skinner
Science 3 June 2005: 1466-1469.
When pregnant rats are exposed to environmental toxins, four subsequent generations of offspring show impaired fertility and correlated changes in DNA methylation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Kinesin and Dynein Move a Peroxisome in Vivo: A Tug-of-War or Coordinated Movement?

Comert Kural, Hwajin Kim, Sheyum Syed, Gohta Goshima, Vladimir I. Gelfand, and Paul R. Selvin
Science 3 June 2005: 1469-1472.
Published online 7 April 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1108408] (in Science Express Reports)
High-resolution images of organelles moving along cytoskeletal tracks in living cells show that different motors drive the forward and backward motion, with only one type operating at a time. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mechanism of Divergent Growth Factor Effects in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation

Irina Kratchmarova, Blagoy Blagoev, Mandana Haack-Sorensen, Moustapha Kassem, and Matthias Mann
Science 3 June 2005: 1472-1477.
Improved proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry reveals the pathways activated by two similar growth factors, explaining why only one can trigger differentiation of bone cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Structure of Interleukin-2 Complexed with Its Alpha Receptor

Mathias Rickert, Xinquan Wang, Martin J. Boulanger, Natalia Goriatcheva, and K. Christopher Garcia
Science 3 June 2005: 1477-1480.
The cytokine interleukin-2 first binds to a projection on one of three receptors on immune cells, then recruits the remaining two receptors to form the immune signaling complex. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Fluoroquinolone Resistance Protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis That Mimics DNA

Subray S. Hegde, Matthew W. Vetting, Steven L. Roderick, Lesley A. Mitchenall, Anthony Maxwell, Howard E. Takiff, and John S. Blanchard
Science 3 June 2005: 1480-1483.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has an antibiotic resistance protein closely resembling DNA that can pair with a DNA-binding protein, protecting it from the antibacterial drug. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "Abrupt and Gradual Extinction Among Late Permian Land Vertebrates in the Karoo Basin, South Africa"

Charles Marshall
Science 3 June 2005: 1413.
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 Response to Comment on "Abrupt and Gradual Extinction Among Late Permian Land Vertebrates in the Karoo Basin, South Africa"

Peter D. Ward, Roger Buick, and Douglas H. Erwin
Science 3 June 2005: 1413.
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