This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 1 April 2005: 13.
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Editorial:
All Fools' Day

Donald Kennedy
Science 1 April 2005: 17.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 1 April 2005: 19.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 1 April 2005: 29.
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 New Products

Science 1 April 2005: 124.
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News of the Week

U.K. BIOETHICS:
Divided Committee Urges Less Restriction on Embryo Research

Mason Inman
Science 1 April 2005: 30.
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SELECT AGENTS:
Researchers Relieved by Final Biosecurity Rules

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 1 April 2005: 31.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES:
A Puzzling Outbreak of Marburg Disease

Martin Enserink
Science 1 April 2005: 31-33.
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SPACE EXPLORATION:
Japan Weighs Moon and Beyond

Dennis Normile
Science 1 April 2005: 33-34.
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FRENCH SCIENCE:
Politician Sails Into a Storm at Oceans Agency

Barbara Casassus
Science 1 April 2005: 34.
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ITALIAN RESEARCH:
Universities and Institutes Face Industrial Revolution

Susan Biggin
Science 1 April 2005: 35.
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NEUROSCIENCE:
Economic Game Shows How the Brain Builds Trust

Greg Miller
Science 1 April 2005: 36.
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MATHEMATICS:
'Cranky' Proof Reveals Hidden Regularities

Dana Mackenzie
Science 1 April 2005: 36-37.
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ACADEMIC JOBS:
Tenured UCLA Professor Under Fire

Jennifer Couzin
Science 1 April 2005: 37.
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ScienceScope

Science 1 April 2005: 33.
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Random Samples

Science 1 April 2005: 46.
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News Focus

PHYSICS:
High-Energy Physics: Exit America?

Charles Seife
Science 1 April 2005: 38-40.
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ECOLOGY:
Taking the Pulse of Earth's Life-Support Systems

Erik Stokstad
Science 1 April 2005: 41-43.
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ECOLOGY:
Choose Your Own World

Erik Stokstad
Science 1 April 2005: 42.
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AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING:
Unnatural Amino Acid Could Prove Boon for Protein Therapeutics

Robert F. Service
Science 1 April 2005: 44.
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AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING:
Nanofibers Seed Blood Vessels

Robert F. Service
Science 1 April 2005: 44-45.
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AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING:
Fast, Sensitive Scan Targets Anthrax

Robert F. Service
Science 1 April 2005: 45.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 1 April 2005: 49.
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 NIH Response to Open Letter

Anthony S. Fauci and Elias A. Zerhouni
Science 1 April 2005: 49.
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 The Past and Future of Extant Amphibians

Massimo Delfino;, Simon N. Stuart, Janice S. Chanson, Neil A. Cox, Bruce E. Young, Ana S.L. Rodrigues, Debra L. Fischman, and Robert W. Waller
Science 1 April 2005: 49-50.
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 Don't Call Them Co-eds!

Donna M. Riley
Science 1 April 2005: 50.
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 The Source of the Lisbon Earthquake

Joao F. B. D. Fonseca; and Marc-Andre Gutscher
Science 1 April 2005: 50.
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Books et al.

FOOD:
Of Bubbles, Landscapes, and Vines

Stuart West
Science 1 April 2005: 53-54.
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BIOMEDICINE:
Cell Senescence in the Dock

Steven N. Austad
Science 1 April 2005: 54.
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 Books Received

Science 1 April 2005: 54.

Essays on Science and Society

GLOBAL VOICES OF SCIENCE:
When Science Is Not Enough: Fighting Genetic Disease in Brazil

Mayana Zatz
Science 1 April 2005: 55-57.
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 125th Anniversary Series

Science 1 April 2005: 56.

Perspectives

PHYSIOLOGY:
Enhanced: Walking Made Simple

R. McNeill Alexander
Science 1 April 2005: 58-59.
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GEOLOGY:
The Calibration of Ediacaran Time

Alan J. Kaufman
Science 1 April 2005: 59-60.
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EVOLUTION:
Where We're Hot, They're Not

Lynn B. Jorde
Science 1 April 2005: 60-62.
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PSYCHOLOGY:
Beyond a Joke: From Animal Laughter to Human Joy?

Jaak Panksepp
Science 1 April 2005: 62-63.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE:
Playing Nature's Game with Artificial Muscles

Ray H. Baughman
Science 1 April 2005: 63-65.
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CELL BIOLOGY:
Kinasing and Clipping Down the NF-B Trail

Nicolai S. C. van Oers and Zhijian J. Chen
Science 1 April 2005: 65-66.
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Review

Global Iron Connections Between Desert Dust, Ocean Biogeochemistry, and Climate

T. D. Jickells, Z. S. An, K. K. Andersen, A. R. Baker, G. Bergametti, N. Brooks, J. J. Cao, P. W. Boyd, R. A. Duce, K. A. Hunter, H. Kawahata, N. Kubilay, J. laRoche, P. S. Liss, N. Mahowald, J. M. Prospero, A. J. Ridgwell, I. Tegen, and R. Torres
Science 1 April 2005: 67-71.
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Brevia

Abundance of Cellular Material and Proteins in the Atmosphere

Ruprecht Jaenicke
Science 1 April 2005: 73.
Particles made from cell fragments and proteins form a surprisingly large fraction of atmospheric aerosols. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Research Articles

Role of Marine Biology in Glacial-Interglacial CO₂ Cycles

Karen E. Kohfeld, Corinne Le Quéré, Sandy P. Harrison, and Robert F. Anderson
Science 1 April 2005: 74-78.
Sediment records of biological activity show that high productivity and burial of organic carbon was insufficient to account for low atmospheric CO₂ levels during glaciation, as had been thought. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Getting to Know You: Reputation and Trust in a Two-Person Economic Exchange

Brooks King-Casas, Damon Tomlin, Cedric Anen, Colin F. Camerer, Steven R. Quartz, and P. Read Montague
Science 1 April 2005: 78-83.
During a game in which players learn whether their partner is selfish or generous, neurons in the middle of the brain show activity that reflects the level of trust being built. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Postsynaptic Receptor Trafficking Underlying a Form of Associative Learning

Simon Rumpel, Joseph LeDoux, Anthony Zador, and Roberto Malinow
Science 1 April 2005: 83-88.
Published online 3 March 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1103944] (in Science Express Research Articles)
In order for rats to learn to associate a tone with a shock, at least 35% of the neurons in their amygdala must form stronger synapses; fewer enhanced synapses cannot support learning. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Spin-Charge Separation and Localization in One Dimension

O. M. Auslaender, H. Steinberg, A. Yacoby, Y. Tserkovnyak, B. I. Halperin, K. W. Baldwin, L. N. Pfeiffer, and K. W. West
Science 1 April 2005: 88-92.
A coupled pair of wires provides a one-dimensional system for demonstrating the quantum separation of electron spin and charge, as predicted by theory. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Simultaneous Tomography and Diffraction Analysis of Creep Damage

A. Pyzalla, B. Camin, T. Buslaps, M. Di Michiel, H. Kaminski, A. Kottar, A. Pernack, and W. Reimers
Science 1 April 2005: 92-95.
Imaging with high-energy synchrotron radiation shows that pores in a brass alloy grow exponentially as it slowly deforms. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

U-Pb Ages from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation, China

Daniel Condon, Maoyan Zhu, Samuel Bowring, Wei Wang, Aihua Yang, and Yugan Jin
Science 1 April 2005: 95-98.
Published online 24 February 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1107765] (in Science Express Reports)
The Doushantuo Formation in China, containing a record of Earth's earliest animals, was deposited over a long interval, between 635 and 550 million years ago, after a global glaciation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Biomass and Petroleum Energy Futures in Africa

Robert Bailis, Majid Ezzati, and Daniel M. Kammen
Science 1 April 2005: 98-103.
A switch from indoor burning of wood and dung to charcoal would produce substantial health benefits in sub-Saharan Africa; switching to fossil fuels would help even more. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Late Jurassic Digging Mammal and Early Mammalian Diversification

Zhe-Xi Luo and John R. Wible
Science 1 April 2005: 103-107.
A previously unknown lineage of extinct mammals originating about 150 million years ago evolved aardvark-like specialized limbs for digging and teeth for eating termites. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Comparison of Fine-Scale Recombination Rates in Humans and Chimpanzees

Wendy Winckler, Simon R. Myers, Daniel J. Richter, Robert C. Onofrio, Gavin J. McDonald, Ronald E. Bontrop, Gilean A. T. McVean, Stacey B. Gabriel, David Reich, Peter Donnelly, and David Altshuler
Science 1 April 2005: 107-111.
Published online 10 February 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1105322] (in Science Express Reports)
Hotspots of recombination occur at completely different points in human and chimpanzee genomes, indicating unexpected complexity in the evolution of recombination rate. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Neuronal Coherence as a Mechanism of Effective Corticospinal Interaction

Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen, Robert Oostenveld, and Pascal Fries
Science 1 April 2005: 111-113.
In preparation for voluntary movement, activity in the motor cortex synchronizes with that in the spinal cord, facilitating rapid transfer of neural signals. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

PDK1 Nucleates T Cell Receptor-Induced Signaling Complex for NF-B Activation

Ki-Young Lee, Fulvio D'Acquisto, Matthew S. Hayden, Jae-Hyuck Shim, and Sankar Ghosh
Science 1 April 2005: 114-118.
Antigens initiate immune responses through a lipid-dependent kinase that recruits other related enzymes to form membrane signaling rafts. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

RNA Polymerase IV Directs Silencing of Endogenous DNA

A. J. Herr, M. B. Jensen, T. Dalmay, and D. C. Baulcombe
Science 1 April 2005: 118-120.
Published online 3 February 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1106910] (in Science Express Reports)
A newly described polymerase found only in plants is required for small RNAs to silence transgenes and a retroelement in Arabidopsis. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Translational Operator of mRNA on the Ribosome: How Repressor Proteins Exclude Ribosome Binding

Lasse Jenner, Pascale Romby, Bernard Rees, Clemens Schulze-Briese, Mathias Springer, Chantal Ehresmann, Bernard Ehresmann, Dino Moras, Gulnara Yusupova, and Marat Yusupov
Science 1 April 2005: 120-123.
An enzyme blocks its own translation into protein by binding to a specific site on its mRNA and thus hindering binding of the mRNA to the ribosome. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "Oscillations in NF-B Signaling Control the Dynamics of Gene Expression"

Derren Barken, Chiaochun Joanne Wang, Jeff Kearns, Raymond Cheong, Alexander Hoffmann, and Andre Levchenko
Science 1 April 2005: 52.
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 Response to Comment on "Oscillations in NF-B Signaling Control the Dynamics of Gene Expression"

D. E. Nelson, C. A. Horton, V. See, J. R. Johnson, G. Nelson, D. G. Spiller, D. B. Kell, and M. R. H. White
Science 1 April 2005: 52.
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