This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 4 March 2005: 1371.
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Editorial:
Bayh-Dole: Almost 25

Donald Kennedy
Science 4 March 2005: 1375.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 4 March 2005: 1377.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 4 March 2005: 1385.
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 New Products

Science 4 March 2005: 1481.
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News of the Week

PALEOANTHROPOLOGY:
Small but Smart? Flores Hominid Shows Signs of Advanced Brain

Michael Balter
Science 4 March 2005: 1386-1389.
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PALEOANTHROPOLOGY:
"Hobbit" Bones Go Home to Jakarta

Michael Balter
Science 4 March 2005: 1386.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE:
A Strange Little Saturnian Ice Ball Gets Stranger Still

Richard A. Kerr
Science 4 March 2005: 1387.
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COMPUTER SECURITY:
Flaw Found in Data-Protection Method

Charles Seife
Science 4 March 2005: 1389.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE:
Ice or Lava Sea on Mars? A Transatlantic Debate Erupts

Richard A. Kerr
Science 4 March 2005: 1390-1391.
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CONFLICTS OF INTEREST:
NIH Scientists Raise Fuss About Scope of New Rules

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 4 March 2005: 1390.
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FRENCH SCIENCE:
Report Puts Pasteur Move on Hold

Martin Enserink
Science 4 March 2005: 1391.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES:
Experts Dismiss Pig Flu Scare as Nonsense

Martin Enserink
Science 4 March 2005: 1392.
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CANADA:
Grants Councils Say More Isn't Nearly Enough to Keep Science Healthy

Wayne Kondro
Science 4 March 2005: 1393.
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HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS:
Getting the Mice out of ES Cell Cultures

Constance Holden
Science 4 March 2005: 1393.
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RETROVIRUS MEETING:
Gut Assumes Sinister New Role in HIV Pathogenesis

Jon Cohen
Science 4 March 2005: 1395.
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ScienceScope

Science 4 March 2005: 1389.
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Random Samples

Science 4 March 2005: 1405.
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News Focus

BIODEFENSE:
Has Biodefense Gone Overboard?

Martin Enserink and Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 4 March 2005: 1396-1398.
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BIODEFENSE:
Microbiologist on a Mission

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 4 March 2005: 1397.
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CONSERVATION SCIENCE:
What's in a Species' Name? More Than $450,000

Bijal P. Trivedi
Science 4 March 2005: 1399.
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U.S. POLAR RESEARCH:
Shift in Icebreaking Fleet Could Crunch NSF Budget

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 4 March 2005: 1401.
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MATHEMATICS:
What in the Name of Euclid Is Going On Here?

Dana Mackenzie
Science 4 March 2005: 1402-1403.
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MATHEMATICS:
Have a Coq and a Smile

Dana Mackenzie
Science 4 March 2005: 1402.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 4 March 2005: 1409.
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 Retraction

Ryan B. Case, Yun-Pei Chang, Steven B. Smith, Jeff Gore, Nicholas R. Cozzarelli, and Carlos Bustamante
Science 4 March 2005: 1409.
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 An Open Letter to Elias Zerhouni

Sidney Altman, Bonnie L. Bassler, Jon Beckwith, Marlene Belfort, Howard C. Berg, Barry Bloom, Jean E. Brenchley, Allan Campbell, R. John Collier, Nancy Connell, Nicholas R. Cozzarelli, Nancy L. Craig, Seth Darst, Richard H. Ebright, Stephen J. Elledge, Stanley Falkow, Jorge E. Galan, Max Gottesman, Richard Gourse, Nigel D. F. Grindley, Carol A. Gross, Alan Grossman, Ann Hochschild, Martha Howe, Jerard Hurwitz, Ralph R. Isberg, Samuel Kaplan, Arthur Kornberg, Sydney G. Kustu, Robert C. Landick, Arthur Landy, Stuart B. Levy, Richard Losick, Sharon R. Long, Stanley R. Maloy, John J. Mekalanos, Frederick C. Neidhardt, Norman R. Pace, Mark Ptashne, Jeffrey W. Roberts, John R. Roth, Lucia B. Rothman-Denes, Abigail Salyers, Moselio Schaechter, Lucy Shapiro, Thomas J. Silhavy, Melvin I. Simon, Graham Walker, Charles Yanofsky, and Norton Zinder
Science 4 March 2005: 1409-1410.
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 A Small-Scale Foreign Aid Strategy

Urs Gerber
Science 4 March 2005: 1410.
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 What Kind of Farming Works Best?

Alex A. Avery, C. S. Prakash, Alan McHughen, Anthony R. Trewavas, Thomas R. DeGregori;, and David Pimentel
Science 4 March 2005: 1410-1411.
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 An Explanation for the Placebo Effect?

Kristopher J. L. Irizarry and Julio Licinio
Science 4 March 2005: 1411-1412.
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Books et al.

HISTORY:
A Saga of Wormholes and Anatase

William W. Fitzhugh
Science 4 March 2005: 1413-1414.
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BIOTECHNOLOGY:
Anthropologists in the Lab

William A. Haseltine
Science 4 March 2005: 1414.
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 Books Received

Science 4 March 2005: 1414.

Essays on Science and Society

GLOBAL VOICES OF SCIENCE:
India's R&D: Reaching for the Top

Raghunath A. Mashelkar
Science 4 March 2005: 1415-1417.
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 125th Anniversary Series

Science 4 March 2005: 1416.

Perspectives

MATERIALS SCIENCE:
Enhanced: A Window on Biomineralization

Arthur Veis
Science 4 March 2005: 1419-1420.
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OCEAN SCIENCE:
Lost City Life

Antje Boetius
Science 4 March 2005: 1420-1422.
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HIV/AIDS:
HIV: Experiencing the Pressures of Modern Life

David Nolan, Ian James, and Simon Mallal
Science 4 March 2005: 1422-1424.
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ASTRONOMY:
Our Interstellar Neighborhood

J. R. Jokipii
Science 4 March 2005: 1424-1425.
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STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY:
Membrane Protein Insertion and Stability

Roderick MacKinnon
Science 4 March 2005: 1425-1426.
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Brevia

Membrane Insertion of a Potassium-Channel Voltage Sensor

Tara Hessa, Stephen H. White, and Gunnar von Heijne
Science 4 March 2005: 1427.
Published online 27 January 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1109176] (in Science Express Brevia)
Even though it contains charged amino acids, the voltage-sensing portion of the potassium channel can spontaneously insert into a lipid bilayer as an isolated peptide. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

A Serpentinite-Hosted Ecosystem: The Lost City Hydrothermal Field

Deborah S. Kelley, Jeffrey A. Karson, Gretchen L. Früh-Green, Dana R. Yoerger, Timothy M. Shank, David A. Butterfield, John M. Hayes, Matthew O. Schrenk, Eric J. Olson, Giora Proskurowski, Mike Jakuba, Al Bradley, Ben Larson, Kristin Ludwig, Deborah Glickson, Kate Buckman, Alexander S. Bradley, William J. Brazelton, Kevin Roe, Mitch J. Elend, Adélie Delacour, Stefano M. Bernasconi, Marvin D. Lilley, John A. Baross, Roger E. Summons, and Sean P. Sylva
Science 4 March 2005: 1428-1434.
A hydrothermal vent system in the oceans, supported by heat from the reaction of seawater with rocks, hosts archaea methanogens within the vents and a diverse macrofauna. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Influence of CCL3L1 Gene-Containing Segmental Duplications on HIV-1/AIDS Susceptibility

Enrique Gonzalez, Hemant Kulkarni, Hector Bolivar, Andrea Mangano, Racquel Sanchez, Gabriel Catano, Robert J. Nibbs, Barry I. Freedman, Marlon P. Quinones, Michael J. Bamshad, Krishna K. Murthy, Brad H. Rovin, William Bradley, Robert A. Clark, Stephanie A. Anderson, Robert J. O'Connell, Brian K. Agan, Seema S. Ahuja, Rosa Bologna, Luisa Sen, Matthew J. Dolan, and Sunil K. Ahuja
Science 4 March 2005: 1434-1440.
Published online 6 January 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1101160] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Analysis of gene numbers of an anti-HIV chemokine in people from many ethnic groups shows that individuals with more copies resist HIV infection more effectively. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

The Geometric Distance and Proper Motion of the Triangulum Galaxy (M33)

Andreas Brunthaler, Mark J. Reid, Heino Falcke, Lincoln J. Greenhill, and Christian Henkel
Science 4 March 2005: 1440-1443.
An accurate distance to the nearby galaxy M33, determined by observing water masers, implies that the Andromeda galaxy has less dark matter than was presumed. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Laser-Initiated Shuttling of a Water Molecule Between H-Bonding Sites

Jasper R. Clarkson, Esteban Baquero, V. Alvin Shubert, Evgeniy M. Myshakin, Kenneth D. Jordan, and Timothy S. Zwier
Science 4 March 2005: 1443-1446.
Published online 3 February 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1106977] (in Science Express Reports)
Light energy is used to move a single water molecule between two binding sites on a single solute molecule, allowing detailed measurement of the binding energies. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Deflection of the Interstellar Neutral Hydrogen Flow Across the Heliospheric Interface

R. Lallement, E. Quémerais, J. L. Bertaux, S. Ferron, D. Koutroumpa, and R. Pellinen
Science 4 March 2005: 1447-1449.
Measurements from the SOHO satellite suggest that the shock boundary between the solar wind in our solar system and surrounding space is distorted, and Voyager 1 is still traveling in the distorted region. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Supramolecular Assembly of Amelogenin Nanospheres into Birefringent Microribbons

Chang Du, Giuseppe Falini, Simona Fermani, Christopher Abbott, and Janet Moradian-Oldak
Science 4 March 2005: 1450-1454.
Tooth formation is guided by the protein amelogenin, which self-assembles into nanospheres and secondarily into microribbons that act as a framework for apatite crystal growth. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Residential Biofuels in South Asia: Carbonaceous Aerosol Emissions and Climate Impacts

C. Venkataraman, G. Habib, A. Eiguren-Fernandez, A. H. Miguel, and S. K. Friedlander
Science 4 March 2005: 1454-1456.
Burning of wood, agricultural waste, manure, and other biofuels for cooking and heat is the largest source of soot in South Asia. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nutritional Status and Diet Composition Affect the Value of Diatoms as Copepod Prey

Ruth H. Jones and Kevin J. Flynn
Science 4 March 2005: 1457-1459.
A diet of diatoms alone is nutritionally inadequate to sustain copepods in the pelagic ocean food chain, but is not toxic, as previously supposed. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Life at Depth: Photobacterium profundum Genome Sequence and Expression Analysis

A. Vezzi, S. Campanaro, M. D'Angelo, F. Simonato, N. Vitulo, F. M. Lauro, A. Cestaro, G. Malacrida, B. Simionati, N. Cannata, C. Romualdi, D. H. Bartlett, and G. Valle
Science 4 March 2005: 1459-1461.
The genome of a bacterium from the deep ocean reveals pressure-activated genes for alternative sources of carbon, and a stress response triggered by the relatively low pressure at the ocean's surface. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Functional Dosage Compensation Complex Required for Male Killing in Drosophila

Zoe Veneti, Joanna K. Bentley, Takao Koana, Henk R. Braig, and Gregory D. D. Hurst
Science 4 March 2005: 1461-1463.
Bacteria that preferentially kill male flies do so by interfering with silencing of the extra X chromosome in males, which is necessary for male sex determination. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Extensive DNA Inversions in the B. fragilis Genome Control Variable Gene Expression

Ana M. Cerdeño-Tárraga, Sheila Patrick, Lisa C. Crossman, Garry Blakely, Val Abratt, Nicola Lennard, Ian Poxton, Brian Duerden, Barbara Harris, Mike A. Quail, Andrew Barron, Louise Clark, Craig Corton, Jonathan Doggett, Matthew T. G. Holden, Natasha Larke, Alexandra Line, Angela Lord, Halina Norbertczak, Doug Ormond, Claire Price, Ester Rabbinowitsch, John Woodward, Bart Barrell, and Julian Parkhill
Science 4 March 2005: 1463-1465.
A bacterium from the human gut that can cause abscesses and blood infections has many inverted sequences in its genome, which may help it infect these diverse sites. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Requirement for Caspase-8 in NF-B Activation by Antigen Receptor

Helen Su, Nicolas Bidère, Lixin Zheng, Alan Cubre, Keiko Sakai, Janet Dale, Leonardo Salmena, Razqallah Hakem, Stephen Straus, and Michael Lenardo
Science 4 March 2005: 1465-1468.
A missing link in the pathway by which antigens activate the immune response is the full-length form of a protease, a fragment of which was known to trigger cell death. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Impaired Thermosensation in Mice Lacking TRPV3, a Heat and Camphor Sensor in the Skin

Aziz Moqrich, Sun Wook Hwang, Taryn J. Earley, Matt J. Petrus, Amber N. Murray, Kathryn S. R. Spencer, Mary Andahazy, Gina M. Story, and Ardem Patapoutian
Science 4 March 2005: 1468-1472.
A heat-sensitive receptor in skin cells contributes to the sense of warmth and painful heat and also mediates the sensation produced by camphor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

OSBP Is a Cholesterol-Regulated Scaffolding Protein in Control of ERK1/2 Activation

Ping-yuan Wang, Jian Weng, and Richard G. W. Anderson
Science 4 March 2005: 1472-1476.
Cholesterol acts outside its usual location in the lipid bilayer to regulate the activity of a key signaling protein. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

How Visual Stimuli Activate Dopaminergic Neurons at Short Latency

Eleanor Dommett, Véronique Coizet, Charles D. Blaha, John Martindale, Véronique Lefebvre, Natalie Walton, John E. W. Mayhew, Paul G. Overton, and Peter Redgrave
Science 4 March 2005: 1476-1479.
Dopamine-containing neurons, thought to be important in reward signals, respond to light via a direct pathway that bypasses the cortex and is independent of reward information. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "Avian Extinction and Mammalian Introductions on Oceanic Islands"

Raphael K. Didham, Robert M. Ewers, and Neil J. Gemmell
Science 4 March 2005: 1412.
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 Response to Comment on "Avian Extinction and Mammalian Introductions on Oceanic Islands"

Tim M. Blackburn, Phillip Cassey, Richard P. Duncan, Karl L. Evans, and Kevin J. Gaston
Science 4 March 2005: 1412.
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