This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 18 February 2005: 1009.
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Editorial:
Nurturing the Next Einsteins

Lamar Alexander
Science 18 February 2005: 1013.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 18 February 2005: 1015.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 18 February 2005: 1021.
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 New Products

Science 18 February 2005: 1125.
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News of the Week

HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS:
NSF Stunned by Higher Costs of Proposed DOE Facility

Charles Seife
Science 18 February 2005: 1022.
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NIH FUNDING:
Success Rates Squeezed as Budget Growth Slows

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 18 February 2005: 1023.
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U.S. IMMIGRATION POLICY:
New Rules Ease Scientific Exchanges

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 18 February 2005: 1023.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE:
And Now, the Younger, Dry Side of Mars Is Coming Out

Richard A. Kerr
Science 18 February 2005: 1025-1026.
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INFLUENZA:
Study Questions the Benefits of Vaccinating the Elderly

Jon Cohen
Science 18 February 2005: 1026.
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AVIAN FLU:
First Human Case in Cambodia Highlights Surveillance Shortcomings

Dennis Normile
Science 18 February 2005: 1027.
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BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH:
Despite Protests, MRC to Move Its Largest Institute Into London

Eliot Marshall
Science 18 February 2005: 1028.
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GENE THERAPY:
As Gelsinger Case Ends, Gene Therapy Suffers Another Blow

Jennifer Couzin and Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 18 February 2005: 1028.
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GERMAN SCIENCE:
Board Protest Stops a Shake-Up of the Dahlem Conferences

Gretchen Vogel
Science 18 February 2005: 1029.
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BIOCHEMISTRY:
Irresistible Lure for Cockroaches Determined

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 18 February 2005: 1029-1031.
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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH:
Ag Schools Say They Can't Afford Budget Boost

Amitabh Avasthi and Erik Stokstad
Science 18 February 2005: 1031.
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ScienceScope

Science 18 February 2005: 1025.
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Random Samples

Science 18 February 2005: 1040.
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News Focus

ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION:
To Save a Vanishing Sea

Christopher Pala
Science 18 February 2005: 1032-1034.
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ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION:
From Samizdat to Celebrity--and Back

Christopher Pala
Science 18 February 2005: 1033.
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WILDLIFE BIOLOGY:
A Devil of a Disease

Adam Bostanci
Science 18 February 2005: 1035.
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TAXONOMY:
Will DNA Bar Codes Breathe Life Into Classification?

Eliot Marshall
Science 18 February 2005: 1037.
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TAXONOMY:
Linnaeus's Legacy Carries On

Greg Miller
Science 18 February 2005: 1038-1039.
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TAXONOMY:
Taxonomy's Elusive Grail

Greg Miller
Science 18 February 2005: 1038.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 18 February 2005: 1043.
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 Gender Differences and Performance in Science

Carol B. Muller, Sally M. Ride, Janie Fouke, Telle Whitney, Denice D. Denton, Nancy Cantor, Donna J. Nelson, Jim Plummer, Ilene Busch-Vishniac, Carolyn Meyers, Sue V. Rosser, Londa Schiebinger, Eric Roberts, David Burgess, Craig Beeson, Susan Staffin Metz, Lucinda Sanders, Bevlee A. Watford, Elizabeth S. Ivey, Mary Frank Fox, Sheldon Wettack, Maria Klawe, William A. Wulf, Joan Girgus, Phoebe S. Leboy, Eleanor L. Babco, Betty Shanahan, Catherine Didion, Daryl E. Chubin, Monique Frize, Susan L. Ganter, E. Ann Nalley, Judy Franz, Héctor D. Abruña, Myra H. Strober, Jane Zimmer Daniels, Emily A. Carter, Jean H. Rhodes, Iris Schrijver, Virginia A. Zakian, Barbara Simons, Ursula Martin, Jo Boaler, Katherine Rose Jolluck, Purnima Mankekar, Robert M. Gray, Margaret W. Conkey, Peter Stansky, Aihua Xie, Pino Martin, Linda P. B. Katehi, Jo Anne Miller, Amelia Tess Thornton, Andrea LaPaugh, Deborah L. Rhode, Barbara C. Gelpi, Mary Jean Harrold, Cherrill M. Spencer, Carla Schlatter Ellis, Susan Lord, Helen Quinn, Margaret Murnane, Patricia P. Jones, Frances Hellman, Gail Wight, Ruth O'Hara, Mary Pickering, Sheri Sheppard, David Leith, Adina Paytan, Matthew H. Sommer, Audrey Shafer, David Grusky, Sherry Yennello, Ashima Madan, Denise L. Johnson, Sylvia Yanagisako, Jennifer M. Chou-Green, and Sandra Robinson
Science 18 February 2005: 1043.
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 Amazonian Deforestation Models

Gilberto Câmara, Ana Paula Dutra Aguiar, Maria Isabel Escada, Silvana Amaral, Tiago Carneiro, Antônio Miguel Vieira Monteiro, Roberto Araújo, Ima Vieira, Bertha Becker;, William F. Laurance, Philip M. Fearnside, Ana K. M. Albernaz, Heraldo L. Vasconcelos, and Leandro V. Ferreira
Science 18 February 2005: 1043-1044.
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 A Delicate Balance in Amazonia

Emilio M. Bruna, Karen A. Kainer;, Philip M. Fearnside, William F. Laurance, Ana K. M. Albernaz, Heraldo L. Vasconcelos, and Leandro V. Ferreira
Science 18 February 2005: 1044-1045.
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 Underlying Causes of Deforestation

Roberto Schaeffer, Ricardo Leonardo Vianna Rodrigues;, William F. Laurance, Ana K. M. Albernaz, Philip M. Fearnside, Heraldo L. Vasconcelos, and Leandro V. Ferreira
Science 18 February 2005: 1046-1047.
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Books et al.

FOOD:
A Feast of Science for Food Lovers

Joe Schwarcz
Science 18 February 2005: 1048-1049.
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MEDICINE:
Sharp Critique of Industry's Influence

Eric G. Campbell
Science 18 February 2005: 1049.
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 Books Received

Science 18 February 2005: 1049.

Policy Forum

MEDICINE:
Enhanced: Race and Reification in Science

Troy Duster
Science 18 February 2005: 1050-1051.
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Perspectives

GENETICS:
Harvesting Medical Information from the Human Family Tree

David Altshuler and Andrew G. Clark
Science 18 February 2005: 1052-1053.
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ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE:
Gamma Rays Made on Earth

Umran Inan
Science 18 February 2005: 1054-1055.
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ARCHAEOLOGY:
Patterns of Cultural Primacy

Richard A. Diehl
Science 18 February 2005: 1055-1056.
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DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY:
Life After Deaf for Hair Cells?

Ruth Taylor and Andrew Forge
Science 18 February 2005: 1056-1058.
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OCEAN SCIENCE:
Ironing Out Biosphere Oxidation

Lee Kump
Science 18 February 2005: 1058-1059.
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NEUROSCIENCE:
Adaptive Coding

K. Richard Ridderinkhof and Wery P. M. van den Wildenberg
Science 18 February 2005: 1059-1060.
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Review

Editing at the Crossroad of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Priscilla Turelli and Didier Trono
Science 18 February 2005: 1061-1065.
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Brevia

Entropically Driven Helix Formation

Yehuda Snir and Randall D. Kamien
Science 18 February 2005: 1067.
Maximizing entropy in a cell or other confined space stabilizes polymers in helical structures. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Olmec Pottery Production and Export in Ancient Mexico Determined Through Elemental Analysis

Jeffrey P. Blomster, Hector Neff, and Michael D. Glascock
Science 18 February 2005: 1068-1072.
Trace elements in Olmec pottery found throughout Mesoamerica show that the San Lorenzo region on the Gulf Coast was the only major export center. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Whole-Genome Patterns of Common DNA Variation in Three Human Populations

David A. Hinds, Laura L. Stuve, Geoffrey B. Nilsen, Eran Halperin, Eleazar Eskin, Dennis G. Ballinger, Kelly A. Frazer, and David R. Cox
Science 18 February 2005: 1072-1079.
Identification of more than 1.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms in three diverse human populations begins to reveal the structure of human genetic variation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Oxidative Addition of Ammonia to Form a Stable Monomeric Amido Hydride Complex

Jing Zhao, Alan S. Goldman, and John F. Hartwig
Science 18 February 2005: 1080-1082.
An iridium complex breaks an ammonia N-H bond, potentially establishing a way to add ammonia catalytically and directly to unsaturated organic compounds. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Efficient Bipedal Robots Based on Passive-Dynamic Walkers

Steve Collins, Andy Ruina, Russ Tedrake, and Martijn Wisse
Science 18 February 2005: 1082-1085.
Three different bipedal walking machines equipped with simple powered actuators and controllers efficiently mimic human gait and suggest improvements to humanoid robots. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes Observed up to 20 MeV

David M. Smith, Liliana I. Lopez, R. P. Lin, and Christopher P. Barrington-Leigh
Science 18 February 2005: 1085-1088.
A satellite has detected abundant energetic gamma-ray flashes in Earth's upper atmosphere, apparently triggered by lightning and other electrical discharges. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Iron Isotope Constraints on the Archean and Paleoproterozoic Ocean Redox State

Olivier J. Rouxel, Andrey Bekker, and Katrina J. Edwards
Science 18 February 2005: 1088-1091.
Iron isotopes in pyrite reveal how the iron chemistry of the deep ocean changed when it was oxidized after the increase in atmospheric oxygen 2.3 billion years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Stem Lagomorpha and the Antiquity of Glires

Robert J. Asher, Jin Meng, John R. Wible, Malcolm C. McKenna, Guillermo W. Rougier, Demberlyn Dashzeveg, and Michael J. Novacek
Science 18 February 2005: 1091-1094.
Primitive rabbit fossils dating from 50 million years ago imply that rabbits and rodents diverged from other placental mammals no earlier than 65 to 70 million years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Golgin Tethers Define Subpopulations of COPI Vesicles

Jörg Malsam, Ayano Satoh, Laurence Pelletier, and Graham Warren
Science 18 February 2005: 1095-1098.
A newly described protein targets vesicles carrying protein modification enzymes to the appropriate place in the Golgi stack. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Phosphorylation and Regulation of Akt/PKB by the Rictor-mTOR Complex

Dos D. Sarbassov, David A. Guertin, Siraj M. Ali, and David M. Sabatini
Science 18 February 2005: 1098-1101.
An elusive enzyme activates a signaling pathway that is often deregulated in cancer cells and may be a potential therapeutic target. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Obligate Role of Anti-Apoptotic MCL-1 in the Survival of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Joseph T. Opferman, Hiromi Iwasaki, Christy C. Ong, Heikyung Suh, Shin-ichi Mizuno, Koichi Akashi, and Stanley J. Korsmeyer
Science 18 February 2005: 1101-1104.
A key regulatory protein within bone-marrow stem cells allows their long-term survival so that they can continually generate blood and immune cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Identification of the Sex Pheromone of the German Cockroach, Blattella germanica

Satoshi Nojima, Coby Schal, Francis X. Webster, Richard G. Santangelo, and Wendell L. Roelofs
Science 18 February 2005: 1104-1106.
The sex pheromone of the cockroach has been identified as a quinone, and field tests indicate that it will be useful in trapping this common pest. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation Specifies the Organ Tropism of Prions

Mathias Heikenwalder, Nicolas Zeller, Harald Seeger, Marco Prinz, Peter-Christian Klöhn, Petra Schwarz, Nancy H. Ruddle, Charles Weissmann, and Adriano Aguzzi
Science 18 February 2005: 1107-1110.
Published online 20 January 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1106460] (in Science Express Reports)
During chronic inflammation, prions are found in many organs, not just neural and lymphoid tissues, complicating testing regimes for mad cow and related diseases. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Positional Signaling Mediated by a Receptor-like Kinase in Arabidopsis

Su-Hwan Kwak, Ronglai Shen, and John Schiefelbein
Science 18 February 2005: 1111-1113.
Published online 23 December 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1105373] (in Science Express Reports)
A kinase is identified that manages the orderly development and arrangement of root hair cells in Arabidopsis. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Proliferation of Functional Hair Cells in Vivo in the Absence of the Retinoblastoma Protein

Cyrille Sage, Mingqian Huang, Kambiz Karimi, Gabriel Gutierrez, Melissa A. Vollrath, Duan-Sun Zhang, Jaime García-Añoveros, Philip W. Hinds, Jeffrey T. Corwin, David P. Corey, and Zheng-Yi Chen
Science 18 February 2005: 1114-1118.
Published online 13 January 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1106642] (in Science Express Reports)
Inactivation of a differentiation-related protein in inner ear cells can restore their ability to regenerate, suggesting a potential treatment for hearing loss. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Learned Predictions of Error Likelihood in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Joshua W. Brown and Todd S. Braver
Science 18 February 2005: 1118-1121.
Brain imaging combined with modeling suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex assesses the likelihood of errors in various tasks and uses this to monitor performance. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Flexible Control of Mutual Inhibition: A Neural Model of Two-Interval Discrimination

Christian K. Machens, Ranulfo Romo, and Carlos D. Brody
Science 18 February 2005: 1121-1124.
A simple model comprising mutually inhibitory, nonlinear neurons can reproduce both the working memory and choice functions of a behavioral task. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|