This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 4 February 2005: 641.
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Editorial:
Desirable Scientific Conduct

Patrick Bateson
Science 4 February 2005: 645.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 4 February 2005: 646.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 4 February 2005: 651.
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 Gordon Research Conferences

Science 4 February 2005: 746-769.

 New Products

Science 4 February 2005: 745.
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News of the Week

BIOMEDICINE:
Move Provokes Bruising Fight Over U.K. Biomedical Institute

Eliot Marshall
Science 4 February 2005: 652.
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SPACE SCIENCE:
NASA Probe to Examine Edge of Solar System

Andrew Lawler
Science 4 February 2005: 653.
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AIDS TREATMENT:
A Step Toward Cheaper Anti-HIV Therapy

Jon Cohen
Science 4 February 2005: 653.
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QUANTUM COMPUTING:
Safer Coin Tosses Point to Better Way for Enemies to Swap Messages

Charles Seife
Science 4 February 2005: 655.
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MICROBIOLOGY:
Immortality Dies as Bacteria Show Their Age

Dan Ferber
Science 4 February 2005: 656.
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U.K. UNIVERSITIES:
Cash-Short Schools Aim to Raise Fees, Recruit Foreign Students

Eliot Marshall
Science 4 February 2005: 656.
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SOUTH ASIA TSUNAMI:
Powerful Tsunami's Impact on Coral Reefs Was Hit and Miss

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 4 February 2005: 657.
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TAIWAN:
University Spending Plan Triggers Heated Debate

Dennis Normile
Science 4 February 2005: 659.
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UNITED KINGDOM:
Proposed Law Targets Animal-Rights Activists

Gretchen Vogel
Science 4 February 2005: 659.
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ScienceScope

Science 4 February 2005: 655.
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Random Samples

Science 4 February 2005: 670.
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News Focus

CELL BIOLOGY:
Asia Jockeys for Stem Cell Lead

Dennis Normile and Charles C. Mann
Science 4 February 2005: 660-664.
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CELL BIOLOGY:
U.S. States Offer Asia Stiff Competition

Constance Holden
Science 4 February 2005: 662-663.
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CELL BIOLOGY:
Asian Countries Permit Research, With Safeguards

Dennis Normile and Charles C. Mann
Science 4 February 2005: 664.
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DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY:
The Unexpected Brains Behind Blood Vessel Growth

Gretchen Vogel
Science 4 February 2005: 665-667.
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U.K. UNIVERSITIES:
'Darwinian' Funding and the Demise of Physics and Chemistry

Daniel Clery
Science 4 February 2005: 668-669.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 4 February 2005: 673.
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 Evolution Versus Invention

David Premack and Ann Premack
Science 4 February 2005: 673.
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 Elephants, Ecology, and Nonequilibrium?

Clive Hambler, Peter A. Henderson, Martin R. Speight;, Andrew W. Illius;, Lindsey Gillson, Keith Lindsay, Erwin H. Bulte, and Richard Damiana
Science 4 February 2005: 673-674.
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 National Environmental Policy Act at 35

Daniel A. Bronstein, Dinah Baer, Hobson Bryan, Joseph F. C. DiMento, and Sanjay Narayan
Science 4 February 2005: 674.
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Books et al.

EVOLUTION:
Voyage to the Bottom of the Tree

Charles Francis Delwiche
Science 4 February 2005: 676-677.
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EVOLUTION:
Seeing the Forest for the Trees

Scott J. Steppan
Science 4 February 2005: 677-678.
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 Browsings

Science 4 February 2005: 678.
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 Books Received

Science 4 February 2005: 678.

Essays on Science and Society

Also see the archival list of the Essays on Science and Society.

GLOBAL VOICES OF SCIENCE:
It Takes a Village: Medical Research and Ethics in Mali

Ogobara K. Doumbo
Science 4 February 2005: 679-681.
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 125th Anniversary Series

Science 4 February 2005: 680.

Perspectives

OCEAN SCIENCE:
Enhanced: The Ocean's Seismic Hum

Sharon Kedar and Frank H. Webb
Science 4 February 2005: 682-683.
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GENETICS:
A Century of Corn Selection

William G. Hill
Science 4 February 2005: 683-684.
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ECOLOGY:
Untangling an Entangled Bank

David Storch, Pablo A. Marquet, and Kevin J. Gaston
Science 4 February 2005: 684-686.
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ASTRONOMY:
At the Heart of the Milky Way

T. Joseph W. Lazio and Theodore N. LaRosa
Science 4 February 2005: 686-687.
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SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION:
Signaling Specificity in Yeast

Elaine A. Elion, Maosong Qi, and Weidong Chen
Science 4 February 2005: 687-688.
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Brevia

Simple Foraminifera Flourish at the Ocean's Deepest Point

Yuko Todo, Hiroshi Kitazato, Jun Hashimoto, and Andrew J. Gooday
Science 4 February 2005: 689.
Newly described species of tubular and round protists that thrive at depths of 10 kilometers in Pacific trenches lack calcified walls and resemble early evolutionary forms. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Crystal Structure of a Complex Between the Catalytic and Regulatory (RI) Subunits of PKA

Choel Kim, Nguyen-Huu Xuong, and Susan S. Taylor
Science 4 February 2005: 690-696.
The structure of protein kinase C shows that cyclic AMP activates the enzyme by substituting for two amino acids of the catalytic subunit and displacing the inhibitory subunit. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Saturn's Temperature Field from High-Resolution Middle-Infrared Imaging

G. S. Orton and P. A. Yanamandra-Fisher
Science 4 February 2005: 696-698.
High atmospheric temperatures near Saturn’s south pole, imaged from the Keck I Telescope, probably reflect the 15-year summer in the southern hemisphere. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Rapid Formation of Sulfuric Acid Particles at Near-Atmospheric Conditions

Torsten Berndt, Olaf Böge, Frank Stratmann, Jost Heintzenberg, and Markku Kulmala
Science 4 February 2005: 698-700.
Experiments show that sulfuric acid and water can react without ammonia to form new particles at a rate high enough to explain their natural atmospheric abundance. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Dislocations in Complex Materials

Matthew F. Chisholm, Sharvan Kumar, and Peter Hazzledine
Science 4 February 2005: 701-703.
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirms that many common materials deform in a complex manner by propagation of partial dislocations along two or more planes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

End States in One-Dimensional Atom Chains

J. N. Crain and D. T. Pierce
Science 4 February 2005: 703-706.
Atoms at the ends of a single-atom-wide gold chain on a silicon surface have distinctive electronic states that favorably lower energy levels within the chains. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Photic Zone Euxinia During the Permian-Triassic Superanoxic Event

Kliti Grice, Changqun Cao, Gordon D. Love, Michael E. Böttcher, Richard J. Twitchett, Emmanuelle Grosjean, Roger E. Summons, Steven C. Turgeon, William Dunning, and Yugan Jin
Science 4 February 2005: 706-709.
Published online 20 January 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1104323] (in Science Express Reports)
Organic compounds and sulfur isotopes found at the Permian-Triassic boundary in Australia and China imply that oxygen was depleted in the upper ocean at that time. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Abrupt and Gradual Extinction Among Late Permian Land Vertebrates in the Karoo Basin, South Africa

Peter D. Ward, Jennifer Botha, Roger Buick, Michiel O. De Kock, Douglas H. Erwin, Geoffrey H. Garrison, Joseph L. Kirschvink, and Roger Smith
Science 4 February 2005: 709-714.
Published online 20 January 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1107068] (in Science Express Reports)
Correlation of sections in the Karoo Basin imply a period of enhanced vertebrate extinction before the end-Permian catastrophe, and some replacement by Triassic species. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Aconitase Couples Metabolic Regulation to Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance

Xin Jie Chen, Xiaowen Wang, Brett A. Kaufman, and Ronald A. Butow
Science 4 February 2005: 714-717.
One of the proteins that packages mitochondrial DNA is a well-known metabolic enzyme, linking energy metabolism and mitochondrial DNA stability. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Natural Selection and Developmental Constraints in the Evolution of Allometries

W. Anthony Frankino, Bas J. Zwaan, David L. Stern, and Paul M. Brakefield
Science 4 February 2005: 718-720.
Artificial selection readily changes the ratio of body size to wing size in butterflies, indicating that the relative sizes of body parts are shaped by selection, not developmental constraints. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mechanisms of Hair Graying: Incomplete Melanocyte Stem Cell Maintenance in the Niche

Emi K. Nishimura, Scott R. Granter, and David E. Fisher
Science 4 February 2005: 720-724.
Published online 23 December 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1099593] (in Science Express Reports)
Hair turns gray when stem cells in the hair follicle can no longer replenish the supply of pigment-producing cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Dynamic Complex Formation During the Yeast Cell Cycle

Ulrik de Lichtenberg, Lars Juhl Jensen, Søren Brunak, and Peer Bork
Science 4 February 2005: 724-727.
Only two-thirds of the proteins involved in cell division are transcribed in a periodic fashion, but these form cell cycle protein complexes and confer periodic function to the ensemble Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Escape of Intracellular Shigella from Autophagy

Michinaga Ogawa, Tamotsu Yoshimori, Toshihiko Suzuki, Hiroshi Sagara, Noboru Mizushima, and Chihiro Sasakawa
Science 4 February 2005: 727-731.
Published online 2 December 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1106036] (in Science Express Reports)
Harmful bacteria disguise their identity by coating telltale surface proteins with other proteins, thereby escaping digestion by the cells they invade. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nod2-Dependent Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in the Intestinal Tract

Koichi S. Kobayashi, Mathias Chamaillard, Yasunori Ogura, Octavian Henegariu, Naohiro Inohara, Gabriel Nuñez, and Richard A. Flavell
Science 4 February 2005: 731-734.
Mice lacking a gene associated with human Crohn's disease succumb to intestinal infection because they have lower concentrations of antimicrobial peptides in their gut. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nod2 Mutation in Crohn's Disease Potentiates NF-B Activity and IL-1ß Processing

Shin Maeda, Li-Chung Hsu, Hongjun Liu, Laurie A. Bankston, Mitsutoshi Iimura, Martin F. Kagnoff, Lars Eckmann, and Michael Karin
Science 4 February 2005: 734-738.
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The Kaposin B Protein of KSHV Activates the p38/MK2 Pathway and Stabilizes Cytokine mRNAs

Craig McCormick and Don Ganem
Science 4 February 2005: 739-741.
A protein from the herpesvirus that causes Kaposi's sarcoma exacerbates the disease by inhibiting degradation of cytokine mRNAs in the host, increasing inflammation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mutualistic Fungi Control Crop Diversity in Fungus-Growing Ants

Michael Poulsen and Jacobus J. Boomsma
Science 4 February 2005: 741-744.
Fungal strains farmed by ant colonies maintain exclusivity by producing compounds that, when eaten by the ants and deposited in their manure, exclude competing fungal strains. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "Long-Lived Drosophila with Overexpressed dFOXO in Adult Fat Body"

Marc Tatar
Science 4 February 2005: 675.
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 Response to Comment on "Long-Lived Drosophila with Overexpressed dFOXO in Adult Fat Body"

Maria E. Giannakou, Martin Goss, Martin A. Jünger, Ernst Hafen, Sally J. Leevers, and Linda Partridge
Science 4 February 2005: 675.
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