Type 2 Diabetes

A Surfeit of Suspects

Paula A. Kiberstis
Science 21 January 2005: 369.
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Viewpoints

Genetic Factors in Type 2 Diabetes: The End of the Beginning?

Stephen O'Rahilly, Inês Barroso, and Nicholas J. Wareham
Science 21 January 2005: 370-373.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

How Obesity Causes Diabetes: Not a Tall Tale

Mitchell A. Lazar
Science 21 January 2005: 373-375.
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Diabetes, Obesity, and the Brain

Michael W. Schwartz and Daniel Porte, Jr.
Science 21 January 2005: 375-379.
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Type 2 Diabetes-a Matter of ß-Cell Life and Death?

Christopher J. Rhodes
Science 21 January 2005: 380-384.
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Type 2 Diabetes

Bradford B. Lowell and Gerald I. Shulman
Science 21 January 2005: 384-387.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 21 January 2005: 313.
|Full Text »

Editorial:
Global Chronic Diseases

Derek Yach, Stephen R. Leeder, John Bell, and Barry Kistnasamy
Science 21 January 2005: 317.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 21 January 2005: 319.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 21 January 2005: 329.
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 New Products

Science 21 January 2005: 439.
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News of the Week

PLANETARY SCIENCE:
Titan, Once a World Apart, Becomes Eerily Familiar

Richard A. Kerr
Science 21 January 2005: 330-331.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS:
Global Tsunami Warning System Takes Shape

Eli Kintisch
Science 21 January 2005: 331.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

RESEARCH POLICY:
Facing a Revolt, Pasteur Board Members Offer to Resign

Martin Enserink
Science 21 January 2005: 333.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MEDICINE:
Low-Power Mitochondria May Raise Risk of Cardiovascular Problems

Jean Marx
Science 21 January 2005: 334-335.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

TEACHING EVOLUTION:
Judge Orders Stickers Removed From Georgia Textbooks

Constance Holden
Science 21 January 2005: 334.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PALEONTOLOGY:
Fossil Count Suggests Biggest Die-Off Wasn't Due to a Smashup

Richard A. Kerr
Science 21 January 2005: 335.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PATENT LAW:
Inventor Knocks Japan's System After Settlement

Dennis Normile
Science 21 January 2005: 337.
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PATENT LAW:
Shuji Nakamura Speaks Out

Dennis Normile
Science 21 January 2005: 337.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceScope

Science 21 January 2005: 333.
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Random Samples

Science 21 January 2005: 349.
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News Focus

OCEANOGRAPHY:
Grim Forecast for a Fading Fleet

David Malakoff
Science 21 January 2005: 338-340.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

FRED KAVLI PROFILE:
A New Benefactor Takes Aim at Basic Scientific Questions

Robert Irion
Science 21 January 2005: 340-342.
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FRED KAVLI PROFILE:
A Physics Home Away From Home

Robert Irion
Science 21 January 2005: 342.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PARASITOLOGY:
Twisted Parasites From "Outer Space" Perplex Biologists

Fiona Proffitt
Science 21 January 2005: 343.
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INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI:
Using Scientific Assessments to Stave Off Epidemics

Gretchen Vogel
Science 21 January 2005: 345.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SOCIETY FOR INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY MEETING:
Scurrying Roaches Outwit Without Their Brains

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 21 January 2005: 346.
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SOCIETY FOR INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY MEETING:
With Flippers, Two Can Equal Four

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 21 January 2005: 346-347.
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SOCIETY FOR INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY MEETING:
More Than One Way to Dig a Tunnel

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 21 January 2005: 347.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 21 January 2005: 353.
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 Revisiting the Taxonomic Impediment

Marcelo R. de Carvalho, Flávio A Bockmann, Dalton S. Amorim, Mário de Vivo, Mônica de Toledo-Piza, Naércio A. Menezes, José L. de Figueiredo, Ricardo M. C. Castro, Anthony C. Gill, John D. McEachran, Leonard J. V. Compagno, Robert C. Schelly, Ralf Britz, John G. Lundberg, Richard P. Vari, and Gareth Nelson
Science 21 January 2005: 353.
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 A Clue to the Origin of the Bilateria?

Reinhard M. Rieger, Peter Ladurner, Bert Hobmayer;, Mark Q. Martindale, and John R. Finnerty
Science 21 January 2005: 353-355.
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 CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS:

Science 21 January 2005: 355.
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Books et al.

HISTORY OF MEDICINE:
For Many Approaches, Styles, and Aims

Xavier Bosch
Science 21 January 2005: 356.
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 Books Received

Science 21 January 2005: 356.

Policy Forum

PUBLIC HEALTH:
Enhanced: Cutting World Hunger in Half

Pedro A. Sanchez and M. S. Swaminathan
Science 21 January 2005: 357-359.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

MEDICINE:
Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases with Antibiotics

Timothy M. Miller and Don W. Cleveland
Science 21 January 2005: 361-362.
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GEOSCIENCE:
The Boon and Bane of Radiocarbon Dating

Tom P. Guilderson, Paula J. Reimer, and Tom A. Brown
Science 21 January 2005: 362-364.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

CHEMISTRY:
Short and Sharp--Spectroscopy with Frequency Combs

Thomas Udem
Science 21 January 2005: 364-365.
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ECOLOGY:
A Leap for Lion Populations

Esa Ranta and Veijo Kaitala
Science 21 January 2005: 365-366.
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MEDICINE:
Visfatin: A New Adipokine

Christopher Hug and Harvey F. Lodish
Science 21 January 2005: 366-367.
Published online 16 December 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1106933] (in Science Express Perspectives)
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Brevia

Nonvolcanic Tremors Deep Beneath the San Andreas Fault

Robert M. Nadeau and David Dolenc
Science 21 January 2005: 389.
Published online 9 December 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1107142] (in Science Express Brevia)
Small tremors have recently been occurring 20 to 40 kilometers below the epicenter of the great 1857 earthquake on the San Andreas fault. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Research Article

Ecological Change, Group Territoriality, and Population Dynamics in Serengeti Lions

Craig Packer, Ray Hilborn, Anna Mosser, Bernard Kissui, Markus Borner, Grant Hopcraft, John Wilmshurst, Simon Mduma, and Anthony R. E. Sinclair
Science 21 January 2005: 390-393.
When resources increase, lion populations do not increase until resources can support substantially more lion offspring, probably because of the lions' grouped social structure. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Grain Boundary Decohesion by Impurity Segregation in a Nickel-Sulfur System

Masatake Yamaguchi, Motoyuki Shiga, and Hideo Kaburaki
Science 21 January 2005: 393-397.
Published online 6 January 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1104624] (in Science Express Reports)
Calculations show that sulfur embrittles nickel, and perhaps other metals, when strong nickel-sulfur bonds force crowding of excess sulfur atoms along a grain boundary. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Porous Semiconductor Chalcogenide Aerogels

Jaya L. Mohanan, Indika U. Arachchige, and Stephanie L. Brock
Science 21 January 2005: 397-400.
Aerogels, porous networks usually made from insulating oxides, can now be fabricated from metal sulfides, sellenides, and tellurides, making them semiconducting. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Deep-Ultraviolet Quantum Interference Metrology with Ultrashort Laser Pulses

Stefan Witte, Roel Th. Zinkstok, Wim Ubachs, Wim Hogervorst, and Kjeld S. E. Eikema
Science 21 January 2005: 400-403.
Amplification and doubling of an ultrashort laser pulse allows high-precision spectroscopy in the deep ultraviolet, a hard-to-reach region of the spectrum. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Charging Effects on Bonding and Catalyzed Oxidation of CO on Au₈ Clusters on MgO

Bokwon Yoon, Hannu Häkkinen, Uzi Landman, Anke S. Wörz, Jean-Marie Antonietti, Stéphane Abbet, Ken Judai, and Ueli Heiz
Science 21 January 2005: 403-407.
The ability of small gold clusters to oxidize carbon monoxide catalytically is enhanced when the clusters are attached to surfaces with oxygen vacancies, which provide free electrons. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Creating Order from Random Fluctuations in Small Spin Ensembles

R. Budakian, H. J. Mamin, B. W. Chui, and D. Rugar
Science 21 January 2005: 408-411.
The cantilever tip in a magnetic resonance force microscope can be used to form, store, and retrieve information from small groups of spin-coordinated electrons in silicon. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Slip-Rate Measurements on the Karakorum Fault May Imply Secular Variations in Fault Motion

M.-L. Chevalier, F. J. Ryerson, P. Tapponnier, R. C. Finkel, J. Van Der Woerd, Li Haibing, and Liu Qing
Science 21 January 2005: 411-414.
Offset glacial moraines imply that the fault bounding northern Tibet has moved recently, supporting the notion that collision of India with Asia is extruding Tibet to the west. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Speciation by Distance in a Ring Species

Darren E. Irwin, Staffan Bensch, Jessica H. Irwin, and Trevor D. Price
Science 21 January 2005: 414-416.
Molecular variation in the greenish warbler of the Tibetan plateau shows that speciation has occurred despite gene flow through multiple connecting populations. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Large Sulfur Bacteria and the Formation of Phosphorite

Heide N. Schulz and Horst D. Schulz
Science 21 January 2005: 416-418.
A huge marine bacterium can release enough phosphate to induce precipitation of phosphorite, possibly explaining large accumulations of this mineral in ocean sediments. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cardiovascular Risk Factors Emerge After Artificial Selection for Low Aerobic Capacity

Ulrik Wisløff, Sonia M. Najjar, Øyvind Ellingsen, Per Magnus Haram, Steven Swoap, Qusai Al-Share, Mats Fernström, Khadijeh Rezaei, Sang Jun Lee, Lauren Gerard Koch, and Steven L. Britton
Science 21 January 2005: 418-420.
Rats genetically selected for poor exercise endurance show signs of a metabolic syndrome, reinforcing a connection between cardiovascular health and aerobic capacity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mechanism of hsp70i Gene Bookmarking

Hongyan Xing, Donald C. Wilkerson, Christopher N. Mayhew, Eric J. Lubert, Hollie S. Skaggs, Michael L. Goodson, Yiling Hong, Ok-Kyong Park-Sarge, and Kevin D. Sarge
Science 21 January 2005: 421-423.
A gene needed for cells to survive stress is continually poised for activation; a binding protein recruits a second protein that keeps the chromatin open. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mathematical Modeling of Planar Cell Polarity to Understand Domineering Nonautonomy

Keith Amonlirdviman, Narmada A. Khare, David R. P. Tree, Wei-Shen Chen, Jeffrey D. Axelrod, and Claire J. Tomlin
Science 21 January 2005: 423-426.
A mathematical model of the signaling cascade that controls cell polarity in the developing Drosophila wing describes the effects of known mutations and correctly predicts those of previously untested ones. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Visfatin: A Protein Secreted by Visceral Fat That Mimics the Effects of Insulin

Atsunori Fukuhara, Morihiro Matsuda, Masako Nishizawa, Katsumori Segawa, Masaki Tanaka, Kae Kishimoto, Yasushi Matsuki, Mirei Murakami, Tomoko Ichisaka, Hiroko Murakami, Eijiro Watanabe, Toshiyuki Takagi, Megumi Akiyoshi, Tsuguteru Ohtsubo, Shinji Kihara, Shizuya Yamashita, Makoto Makishima, Tohru Funahashi, Shinya Yamanaka, Ryuji Hiramatsu, Yuji Matsuzawa, and Iichiro Shimomura
Science 21 January 2005: 426-430.
Published online 16 December 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1097243] (in Science Express Reports)
Excess abdominal fat increases the risk of metabolic disease, but unexpectedly produces a protein with some insulin-like beneficial properties. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

T Helper Cell Fate Specified by Kinase-Mediated Interaction of T-bet with GATA-3

Eun Sook Hwang, Susanne J. Szabo, Pamela L. Schwartzberg, and Laurie H. Glimcher
Science 21 January 2005: 430-433.
The transcription factor that triggers inflammation simultaneously inhibits other immune reactions by binding to and interfering with their activating transcription factors. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Carotenoid Cation Formation and the Regulation of Photosynthetic Light Harvesting

Nancy E. Holt, Donatas Zigmantas, Leonas Valkunas, Xiao-Ping Li, Krishna K. Niyogi, and Graham R. Fleming
Science 21 January 2005: 433-436.
During photosynthesis in bright light, excess energy is dissipated through the energy-requiring formation of a carotenoid with separated charges Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cryo-Electron Tomography Reveals the Cytoskeletal Structure of Spiroplasma melliferum

Julia Kürner, Achilleas S. Frangakis, and Wolfgang Baumeister
Science 21 January 2005: 436-438.
A very small prokaryote contains three fibrous ribbons in its primitive cytoskeleton, whose coordinated changes may produce movement. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|