Breakthrough of the Year

News

BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR:
On Mars, a Second Chance for Life

Richard A. Kerr
Science 17 December 2004: 2010-2012.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR:
Doing Science Remotely

Elizabeth Pennisi and Richard A. Kerr
Science 17 December 2004: 2011.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR:
Scorecard 2003

Science 17 December 2004: 2012.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR:
The Runners-Up

Science 17 December 2004: 2013-2017.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR:
Areas to Watch in 2005

Science 17 December 2004: 2014.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR:
Breakdown of the Year: The Unwritten Contract

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 17 December 2004: 2015.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR:
Avian Influenza: Catastrophe Waiting in the Wings?

Martin Enserink
Science 17 December 2004: 2016.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 17 December 2004: 1997.
|Full Text »

Editorial:
Breakthrough of the Year

Donald Kennedy
Science 17 December 2004: 2001.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 17 December 2004: 2003.
|Full Text »

NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 17 December 2004: 2009.
|Full Text »

 New Products

Science 17 December 2004: 2116.
PDF »|  

News of the Week

NASA:
O'Keefe to Go, But Hubble Remains a Battleground

Andrew Lawler
Science 17 December 2004: 2018-2019.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY:
Nominee Scores Cabinet Hat Trick

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 17 December 2004: 2018.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BUSH CABINET:
EPA's Leavitt Tapped for Health Post

Jocelyn Kaiser and Erik Stokstad
Science 17 December 2004: 2019.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

QUANTUM PHYSICS:
The Quantum Perfect Storm

Adrian Cho
Science 17 December 2004: 2021.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SEISMOLOGY:
Eavesdropping on Faults to Anticipate Their Next Move

Richard A. Kerr
Science 17 December 2004: 2022.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BIODEFENSE:
Experts Warn Against Censoring Basic Science

Eliot Marshall
Science 17 December 2004: 2022.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

NEUROSCIENCE:
Mutant Gene Tied to Poor Serotonin Production and Depression

Constance Holden
Science 17 December 2004: 2023.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

JAPANESE UNIVERSITIES:
Junior Faculty Hope Name Change Will Lead to Greater Independence

Hiromi Yokoyama
Science 17 December 2004: 2025.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

INFLUENZA:
WHO Adds More "1918" to Pandemic Predictions

Martin Enserink
Science 17 December 2004: 2025.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceScope

Science 17 December 2004: 2021.
|Full Text »

Random Samples

Science 17 December 2004: 2036.
|Full Text »

News Focus

ARCHAEOLOGY:
The Indus Script--Write or Wrong?

Andrew Lawler
Science 17 December 2004: 2026-2029.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ARCHAEOLOGY:
Splendid Sewers, But Little Sculpture

Andrew Lawler
Science 17 December 2004: 2027.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ARCHAEOLOGY:
Outsider Revels in Breaking Academic Taboos

Andrew Lawler
Science 17 December 2004: 2028.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

RICHARD VILLEMS PROFILE:
Cutting a Path in Genetics and International Diplomacy

John Bohannon
Science 17 December 2004: 2030-2031.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ACADEMIC CAREERS:
Family Matters: Stopping Tenure Clock May Not Be Enough

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 17 December 2004: 2031-2033.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY MEETING:
Organic Solar Cells Playing Catch-Up

Robert F. Service
Science 17 December 2004: 2034.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY MEETING:
Can Organics Take On Flash Memory?

Robert F. Service
Science 17 December 2004: 2034-2035.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY MEETING:
Protein Engineers Go for Gold

Robert F. Service
Science 17 December 2004: 2035.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY MEETING:
Snapshots From the Meeting

Robert F. Service
Science 17 December 2004: 2035.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Earthquake Preparedness: Some Countries Are Betting That A Few Seconds Can Save Lives

Dennis Normile
Science 24 December 2004: 2178-2179.
Summary »|   Full Text »|  

Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 17 December 2004: 2039.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

 Psychiatric Treatment for Great Apes?

Martin Brüne, Ute Brüne-Cohrs, and William C. McGrew
Science 17 December 2004: 2039.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Stopping the Spread of Drug-Resistant Malaria

Iruka N. Okeke;, Cally Roper, Richard Pearce, Shalini Nair, Brian Sharp, Richard Pearce, Shalini Nair, Brian Sharp, François Nosten, and Tim Anderson
Science 17 December 2004: 2039-2040.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 The Bush Administration and Climate Change

Paul A. T. Higgins;, Jack M. Beusmans;, and Spencer Abraham
Science 17 December 2004: 2041.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS

Science 17 December 2004: 2042.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books et al.

HISTORY OF SCIENCE:
Bragg Reflections

John Meurig Thomas
Science 17 December 2004: 2043-2045.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Browsings

Science 17 December 2004: 2044.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BIOMECHANICS:
Optimized for Chewing

Natalia Rybczynski
Science 17 December 2004: 2045.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Books Received

Science 17 December 2004: 2045.

Policy Forum

EDUCATION:
Risks and Rewards of an Interdisciplinary Research Path

Diana Rhoten and Andrew Parker
Science 17 December 2004: 2046.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Perspectives

ANTHROPOLOGY:
The Astonishing Micropygmies

Jared Diamond
Science 17 December 2004: 2047-2048.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MATERIALS SCIENCE:
Nucleic Acid Nanotechnology

Hao Yan
Science 17 December 2004: 2048-2049.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CELL BIOLOGY:
Oxygen Sensing: It's a Gas!

Toshinori Hoshi and Sukhamay Lahiri
Science 17 December 2004: 2050-2051.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CELL BIOLOGY:
"Pumping" Iron: The Proteins

Ernest Beutler
Science 17 December 2004: 2051-2053.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION:
Unexpected Mediators of Protein Phosphorylation

John D. York and Tony Hunter
Science 17 December 2004: 2053-2055.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CHEMISTRY:
Enhanced: Whence Molecular Electronics?

Amar H. Flood, J. Fraser Stoddart, David W. Steuerman, and James R. Heath
Science 17 December 2004: 2055-2056.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Review

Silicon Device Scaling to the Sub-10-nm Regime

Meikei Ieong, Bruce Doris, Jakub Kedzierski, Ken Rim, and Min Yang
Science 17 December 2004: 2057-2060.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Brevia

Human Amygdala Responsivity to Masked Fearful Eye Whites

Paul J. Whalen, Jerome Kagan, Robert G. Cook, F. Caroline Davis, Hackjin Kim, Sara Polis, Donald G. McLaren, Leah H. Somerville, Ashly A. McLean, Jeffrey S. Maxwell, and Tom Johnstone
Science 17 December 2004: 2061.
Seeing the white part of a human eye elicits a rapid, subliminal response in the brain, revealing an unconscious reaction to fear or threat on other people's faces. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

United Time-Frequency Spectroscopy for Dynamics and Global Structure

Adela Marian, Matthew C. Stowe, John R. Lawall, Daniel Felinto, and Jun Ye
Science 17 December 2004: 2063-2068.
Published online 18 November 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1105660] (in Science Express Research Articles)
An optical comb, consisting of many stable, discrete frequency bands, is combined with an ultrafast laser pulse to measure each of the atomic energy levels of rubidium. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Reports

Building Programmable Jigsaw Puzzles with RNA

Arkadiusz Chworos, Isil Severcan, Alexey Y. Koyfman, Patrick Weinkam, Emin Oroudjev, Helen G. Hansma, and Luc Jaeger
Science 17 December 2004: 2068-2072.
Like pieces of DNA, floppier RNA fragments can self-assemble into a wide array of preprogrammed, three-dimensional patterns. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Translation of DNA Signals into Polymer Assembly Instructions

Shiping Liao and Nadrian C. Seeman
Science 17 December 2004: 2072-2074.
A molecular machine primed with arbitrary DNA strands translates these chemical signals into unrelated polymers assembled into a specific order. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Late-Transition Metal Oxo Complex: K₇Na₉[O=Pt^IV(H₂O)L₂], L = [PW₉O₃₄]^9-

Travis M. Anderson, Wade A. Neiwert, Martin L. Kirk, Paula M. B. Piccoli, Arthur J. Schultz, Thomas F. Koetzle, Djamaladdin G. Musaev, Keiji Morokuma, Rui Cao, and Craig L. Hill
Science 17 December 2004: 2074-2077.
Published online 25 November 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1104696] (in Science Express Reports)
A stable molecule contains a single oxygen atom bound only to platinum, contrary to the paradigm that noble metals do not form such compounds. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Clues from Fe Isotope Variations on the Origin of Early Archean BIFs from Greenland

Nicolas Dauphas, Mark van Zuilen, Meenakshi Wadhwa, Andrew M. Davis, Bernard Marty, and Philip E. Janney
Science 17 December 2004: 2077-2080.
Iron isotopes in metamorphosed, 3.8-billion-year-old banded rocks in Greenland indicate that these are some of Earth's earliest sedimentary rocks. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Darwinian Selection on a Selfing Locus

Kentaro K. Shimizu, Jennifer M. Cork, Ana L. Caicedo, Charlotte A. Mays, Richard C. Moore, Kenneth M. Olsen, Stephanie Ruzsa, Graham Coop, Carlos D. Bustamante, Philip Awadalla, and Michael D. Purugganan
Science 17 December 2004: 2081-2084.
The gene that prevents self-pollination has been inactivated recently in Arabidopsis as a result of positive selection, possibly explaining the expansion of the plant's range. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Acetylation by Tip60 Is Required for Selective Histone Variant Exchange at DNA Lesions

Thomas Kusch, Laurence Florens, W. Hayes MacDonald, Selene K. Swanson, Robert L. Glaser, John R. Yates, III, Susan M. Abmayr, Michael P Washburn, and Jerry L. Workman
Science 17 December 2004: 2084-2087.
Published online 4 November 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1103455] (in Science Express Reports)
To fix errors in the genome, a Drosophila protein switches a modified DNA scaffold protein for an unmodified one, altering DNA structure in preparation for repair. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mammalian Tissue Oxygen Levels Modulate Iron-Regulatory Protein Activities in Vivo

Esther G. Meyron-Holtz, Manik C. Ghosh, and Tracey A. Rouault
Science 17 December 2004: 2087-2090.
The oxygen concentration within tissues controls the amounts of two related proteins that help to regulate iron levels in the mammalian body. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Hepcidin Regulates Cellular Iron Efflux by Binding to Ferroportin and Inducing Its Internalization

Elizabeta Nemeth, Marie S. Tuttle, Julie Powelson, Michael B. Vaughn, Adriana Donovan, Diane McVey Ward, Tomas Ganz, and Jerry Kaplan
Science 17 December 2004: 2090-2093.
Published online 28 October 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1104742] (in Science Express Reports)
A peptide hormone controls iron levels in cells by degrading a transporter that pumps out excess iron; deregulation of this hormone may contribute to anemia and other disorders. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Hemoxygenase-2 Is an Oxygen Sensor for a Calcium-Sensitive Potassium Channel

Sandile E. J. Williams, Phillippa Wootton, Helen S. Mason, Jonathan Bould, David E. Iles, Daniela Riccardi, Chris Peers, and Paul J. Kemp
Science 17 December 2004: 2093-2097.
Published online 4 November 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1105010] (in Science Express Reports)
A subunit of the potassium channel acts as a sensor to detect low O₂ levels in blood and initiate increased breathing or other compensatory changes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Discovery of a Major D-Loop Replication Origin Reveals Two Modes of Human mtDNA Synthesis

Jennifer Fish, Nicola Raule, and Giuseppe Attardi
Science 17 December 2004: 2098-2101.
A new origin of replication in mitochondrial DNA is preferentially used for steady-state maintenance of DNA integrity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Phosphorylation of Proteins by Inositol Pyrophosphates

Adolfo Saiardi, Rashna Bhandari, Adam C. Resnick, Adele M. Snowman, and Solomon H. Snyder
Science 17 December 2004: 2101-2105.
Phosphates can be covalently attached to proteins by a lipid phosphate donor in a process that is, surprisingly, nonenzymatic. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nutrient Availability Regulates SIRT1 Through a Forkhead-Dependent Pathway

Shino Nemoto, Maria M. Fergusson, and Toren Finkel
Science 17 December 2004: 2105-2108.
Three proteins, each separately implicated in aging, together regulate mouse life-span in response to nutrient availability. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cofolding Organizes Alfalfa Mosaic Virus RNA and Coat Protein for Replication

Laura M. Guogas, David J. Filman, James M. Hogle, and Lee Gehrke
Science 17 December 2004: 2108-2111.
In a plant virus, a protein can bind to RNA to stabilize an unusual structure that is required for replication and contains a kinked backbone and reverse base pairs. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

bHLH Transcription Factor Olig1 Is Required to Repair Demyelinated Lesions in the CNS

Heather A. Arnett, Stephen P. J. Fancy, John A. Alberta, Chao Zhao, Sheila R. Plant, Sovann Kaing, Cedric S. Raine, David H. Rowitch, Robin J. M. Franklin, and Charles D. Stiles
Science 17 December 2004: 2111-2115.
One of two related transcription factors controls myelination of neurons during development and the other after demyelination in adults. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "Uracil DNA Glycosylase Activity Is Dispensable for Immunoglobulin Class Switch"

James T. Stivers
Science 17 December 2004: 2042.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Response to Comment on "Uracil DNA Glycosylase Activity Is Dispensable for Immunoglobulin Class Switch"

N. A. Begum and T. Honjo
Science 17 December 2004: 2042.
Full Text »|   PDF »|