This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 12 November 2004: 1097.
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Editorial:
What's on the Label?

John Krebs
Science 12 November 2004: 1101.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 12 November 2004: 1103.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 12 November 2004: 1109.
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 New Products

Science 12 November 2004: 1199.
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News of the Week

U.S. SCIENCE POLICY:
Bush Victory Leaves Scars--and Concerns About Funding

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 12 November 2004: 1110-1113.
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U.S. SCIENCE POLICY:
California's Proposition 71 Launches Stem Cell Gold Rush

Constance Holden
Science 12 November 2004: 1111.
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U.S. HIGHER EDUCATION:
Decline in New Foreign Grad Students Slows

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 12 November 2004: 1114.
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OCEAN SCIENCE:
NOAA to Retool Research Programs

David Malakoff
Science 12 November 2004: 1114.
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SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING:
Mixed Week for Open Access in the U.K.

Daniel Clery
Science 12 November 2004: 1115.
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PALEOANTHROPOLOGY:
Skeptics Question Whether Flores Hominid Is a New Species

Michael Balter
Science 12 November 2004: 1116.
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CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS:
Spin Current Sighting Ends 35-Year Hunt

Robert F. Service
Science 12 November 2004: 1116-1117.
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MEDICINE:
Sperm-Targeting Vaccine Blocks Male Fertility in Monkeys

Jennifer Couzin
Science 12 November 2004: 1117.
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DRUG TESTING:
Regulators Talk Up Plans for Drug Biomarkers ...

Jennifer Couzin
Science 12 November 2004: 1119.
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CANCER RESEARCH:
... And NCI Hears a Pitch for Biomarker Studies

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 12 November 2004: 1119.
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ScienceScope

Science 12 November 2004: 1113.
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Random Samples

Science 12 November 2004: 1129.
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News Focus

EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIOR:
Seeking the Key to Music

Michael Balter
Science 12 November 2004: 1120-1122.
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VACCINE POLICY:
Immunizing Kids Against Flu May Prevent Deaths Among the Elderly

Jon Cohen
Science 12 November 2004: 1123.
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:
RNAi Shows Cracks in Its Armor

Jennifer Couzin
Science 12 November 2004: 1124-1125.
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SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE MEETING:
Brain Cells May Pay the Price for a Bad Night's Sleep

Greg Miller
Science 12 November 2004: 1126.
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SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE MEETING:
Anesthesia's Addiction Problem

John Travis
Science 12 November 2004: 1126-1127.
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SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE MEETING:
Listen, Baby

Greg Miller
Science 12 November 2004: 1127.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 12 November 2004: 1133.
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 The Future of NASA

Al Diaz
Science 12 November 2004: 1133.
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 Research Corporation and John Schaefer

Ray Kellman;, Don Deardorff, Peter Dorhout, Nancy Haegel, Brent L. Iverson, Michael Morrison, Jack Pladziewicz, Mats Selen, Thomas D. Tullius, and Timothy S. Zwier
Science 12 November 2004: 1133.
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 The File-Drawer Problem, Revisited

S. Stanley Young, Heejun Bang;, and Donald Kennedy
Science 12 November 2004: 1133-1134.
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 Oxide Surface Films on Metal Crystals

John J. Gilman;, Michael D. Uchic, Dennis M. Dimiduk, Jeffrey N. Florando, and William D. Nix
Science 12 November 2004: 1134-1135.
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 Protein Design: Quo Vadis?

Gert Vriend
Science 12 November 2004: 1135.
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 CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS:

Science 12 November 2004: 1135.
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Books et al.

HISTORY OF SCIENCE:
Solid Tools for Visualizing Science

Julie K. Brown
Science 12 November 2004: 1136-1137.
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HISTORY OF SCIENCE:
One Path Through Los Alamos

Gregg Herken
Science 12 November 2004: 1137.
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 Books Received

Science 12 November 2004: 1137.

Policy Forum

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:
NIH Molecular Libraries Initiative

Christopher P. Austin, Linda S. Brady, Thomas R. Insel, and Francis S. Collins
Science 12 November 2004: 1138-1139.
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Perspectives

ECOLOGY:
How Extinction Patterns Affect Ecosystems

David Raffaelli
Science 12 November 2004: 1141-1142.
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PHYSICS:
Superfluid Helium-3 Has a Metallic Partner

Maurice Rice
Science 12 November 2004: 1142-1143.
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OCEAN SCIENCE:
Enhanced: Deep Ocean Overturning--Then and Now

Jess F. Adkins and Claudia Pasquero
Science 12 November 2004: 1143-1144.
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EVOLUTION:
Genomic Databases and the Tree of Life

Keith A. Crandall and Jennifer E. Buhay
Science 12 November 2004: 1144-1145.
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Review

Biodiversity Conservation and the Eradication of Poverty

William. M. Adams, Ros Aveling, Dan Brockington, Barney Dickson, Jo Elliott, Jon Hutton, Dilys Roe, Bhaskar Vira, and William Wolmer
Science 12 November 2004: 1146-1149.
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Brevia

Pleistocene Brown Bears in the Mid-Continent of North America

Paul Matheus, James Burns, Jaco Weinstock, and Michael Hofreiter
Science 12 November 2004: 1150.
Brown bears migrated from Asia to the heartland of North America about 25,000 years ago, before the Last Glacial Maximum, not afterward as was believed. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Odd-Parity Superconductivity in Sr₂RuO₄

K. D. Nelson, Z. Q. Mao, Y. Maeno, and Y. Liu
Science 12 November 2004: 1151-1154.
Unlike the cuprate superconductors, superconducting strontium ruthenate contains paired electrons with the same spin, like the atoms in superfluid helium-3. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Disorder-Sensitive Phase Formation Linked to Metamagnetic Quantum Criticality

S. A. Grigera, P. Gegenwart, R. A. Borzi, F. Weickert, A. J. Schofield, R. S. Perry, T. Tayama, T. Sakakibara, Y. Maeno, A. G. Green, and A. P. Mackenzie
Science 12 November 2004: 1154-1157.
By modifying electron energies, a highly magnetic field produces a new phase of strontium ruthenate near a quantum critical point, confirming theoretical predictions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

The Roaming Atom: Straying from the Reaction Path in Formaldehyde Decomposition

D. Townsend, S. A. Lahankar, S. K. Lee, S. D. Chambreau, A. G. Suits, X. Zhang, J. Rheinecker, L. B. Harding, and J. M. Bowman
Science 12 November 2004: 1158-1161.
Published online 21 October 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1104386] (in Science Express Reports)
CH₂O can lose its H₂ via a pathway that bypasses the conventionally accepted transition state. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Sea Urchin Spine Calcite Forms via a Transient Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Phase

Yael Politi, Talmon Arad, Eugenia Klein, Steve Weiner, and Lia Addadi
Science 12 November 2004: 1161-1164.
During regeneration, the large, highly patterned calcite crystals of sea urchin spines are initially deposited as amorphous calcium carbonate. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Earth Tides Can Trigger Shallow Thrust Fault Earthquakes

Elizabeth S. Cochran, John E. Vidale, and Sachiko Tanaka
Science 12 November 2004: 1164-1166.
Published online 21 October 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1103961] (in Science Express Reports)
Ocean tides cause shifts in the weight of overlying water, which have apparently triggered some earthquakes on certain shallowly dipping faults along continental margins. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Geochemical Precursors to Volcanic Activity at Mount St. Helens, USA

Kim Berlo, Jon Blundy, Simon Turner, Kathy Cashman, Chris Hawkesworth, and Stuart Black
Science 12 November 2004: 1167-1169.
Published online 14 October 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1103869] (in Science Express Reports)
Lithium and isotope data trace the deep degassing of magma that caused the catastrophic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and the shallower degassing in the later, smaller eruptions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ventilation of the Glacial Deep Pacific Ocean

Wallace Broecker, Stephen Barker, Elizabeth Clark, Irka Hajdas, Georges Bonani, and Lowell Stott
Science 12 November 2004: 1169-1172.
Modest differences between 14C ages of surface and benthic plankton imply that ocean mixing during the Last Glacial Maximum was not slower than today, as had been thought. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Prospects for Building the Tree of Life from Large Sequence Databases

Amy C. Driskell, Cécile Ané, J. Gordon Burleigh, Michelle M. McMahon, Brian C. O'Meara, and Michael J. Sanderson
Science 12 November 2004: 1172-1174.
Sparse sequence data from a wide variety of species may be sufficient to construct an informative family tree of all life. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Realistic Species Losses Disproportionately Reduce Grassland Resistance to Biological Invaders

Erika S. Zavaleta and Kristin B. Hulvey
Science 12 November 2004: 1175-1177.
Experimental but realistic removal of plant species (even rare ones) from grassland patches sharply decreases ecosystem resource uptake and resistance to invasion. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Extinction and Ecosystem Function in the Marine Benthos

Martin Solan, Bradley J. Cardinale, Amy L. Downing, Katharina A. M. Engelhardt, Jennifer L. Ruesink, and Diane S. Srivastava
Science 12 November 2004: 1177-1180.
Models show that the rate and sequence of extinction of benthic species affects the depth of oxygenated ocean sediment, an indicator of ecosystem health. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Bushmeat Hunting, Wildlife Declines, and Fish Supply in West Africa

Justin S. Brashares, Peter Arcese, Moses K. Sam, Peter B. Coppolillo, A. R. E. Sinclair, and Andrew Balmford
Science 12 November 2004: 1180-1183.
Over the past 30 years, depletion of edible marine fish stocks off West Africa has led to increased consumption of bushmeat, causing sharp declines in African wildlife. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Genetic Basis of Singlet Oxygen–Induced Stress Responses of Arabidopsis thaliana

Daniela Wagner, Dominika Przybyla, Roel op den Camp, Chanhong Kim, Frank Landgraf, Keun Pyo Lee, Marco Würsch, Christophe Laloi, Mena Nater, Eva Hideg, and Klaus Apel
Science 12 November 2004: 1183-1185.
Unexpectedly, the lethal effects of reactive oxygen species in plants are not due to direct damage on cellular constituents but to activation of a cell death pathway. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Microbial Factor-Mediated Development in a Host-Bacterial Mutualism

Tanya A. Koropatnick, Jacquelyn T. Engle, Michael A. Apicella, Eric V. Stabb, William E. Goldman, and Margaret J. McFall-Ngai
Science 12 November 2004: 1186-1188.
A cytotoxin that usually results in cell death can remodel tissues benignly to create a niche for a bacterial symbiont in the light organ of squids. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reversible Immunocontraception in Male Monkeys Immunized with Eppin

M. G. O'Rand, E. E. Widgren, P. Sivashanmugam, R. T. Richardson, S. H. Hall, F. S. French, C. A. VandeVoort, S. G. Ramachandra, V. Ramesh, and A. Jagannadha Rao
Science 12 November 2004: 1189-1190.
Treatment of male monkeys with a reproductive tract protein induces an immune response that causes reversible infertility, suggesting a potential male contraceptive. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Cluster of Metabolic Defects Caused by Mutation in a Mitochondrial tRNA

Frederick H. Wilson, Ali Hariri, Anita Farhi, Hongyu Zhao, Kitt Falk Petersen, Hakan R. Toka, Carol Nelson-Williams, Khalid M. Raja, Michael Kashgarian, Gerald I. Shulman, Steven J. Scheinman, and Richard P. Lifton
Science 12 November 2004: 1190-1194.
Published online 21 October 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1102521] (in Science Express Reports)
A mitochondrial mutation causes metabolic disorders in a multigenerational family, an indication that dysfunctional mitochondria may contribute to common disorders such as metabolic syndrome. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Multidimensional Drug Profiling By Automated Microscopy

Zachary E. Perlman, Michael D. Slack, Yan Feng, Timothy J. Mitchison, Lani F. Wu, and Steven J. Altschuler
Science 12 November 2004: 1194-1198.
High-throughput microscopy of drug effects on cell parameters (DNA and protein levels, for example) can reveal previously unknown toxicities and similarities in drug action. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|