Cognition and Behavior

Neuroscience: Higher Brain Functions

Peter Stern, Gilbert Chin, and John Travis
Science 15 October 2004: 431.
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News

Behavioral Neuroscience Uncaged

Greg Miller
Science 15 October 2004: 432-434.
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Viewpoint

Language and the Origin of Numerical Concepts

Rochel Gelman and C. R. Gallistel
Science 15 October 2004: 441-443.
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Reviews

Cognitive Memory: Cellular and Network Machineries and Their Top-Down Control

Yasushi Miyashita
Science 15 October 2004: 435-440.
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The Role of the Medial Frontal Cortex in Cognitive Control

K. Richard Ridderinkhof, Markus Ullsperger, Eveline A. Crone, and Sander Nieuwenhuis
Science 15 October 2004: 443-447.
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Neuroeconomics: The Consilience of Brain and Decision

Paul W. Glimcher and Aldo Rustichini
Science 15 October 2004: 447-452.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 15 October 2004: 369.
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Editorial:
Neuroscience and Neuroethics

Donald Kennedy
Science 15 October 2004: 373.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 15 October 2004: 375.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 15 October 2004: 383.
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 New Products

Science 15 October 2004: 509.
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News of the Week

DRUG SAFETY:
Withdrawal of Vioxx Casts a Shadow Over COX-2 Inhibitors

Jennifer Couzin
Science 15 October 2004: 384-385.
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INFLUENZA:
Crisis Underscores Fragility of Vaccine Production System

Martin Enserink
Science 15 October 2004: 385.
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MEDICINE:
Microbicide Shuts the Door on HIV

Jon Cohen
Science 15 October 2004: 387.
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CHEMISTRY:
Mass Spectrometrists Salivate Over Recipe for Ions Alfresco

Adrian Cho
Science 15 October 2004: 388.
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GRADUATE EDUCATION:
Hughes, NIH Team Up on Novel Training Program

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 15 October 2004: 388.
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GENETICS:
Disease Backs Cancer Origin Theory

David Grimm
Science 15 October 2004: 389.
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ECOLOGY:
Global Survey Documents Puzzling Decline of Amphibians

Erik Stokstad
Science 15 October 2004: 391.
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NOBEL PEACE PRIZE:
Kenya's Maathai Wins for Reforestation Work

Gretchen Vogel and David Malakoff
Science 15 October 2004: 391.
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ScienceScope

Science 15 October 2004: 387.
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Random Samples

Science 15 October 2004: 403.
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News Focus

INFLUENZA: GIRDING FOR DISASTER:
Looking the Pandemic in the Eye

Martin Enserink
Science 15 October 2004: 392-394.
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INFLUENZA: GIRDING FOR DISASTER:
Facing Down Pandemic Flu, the World's Defenses Are Weak

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 15 October 2004: 394-397.
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INFLUENZA: GIRDING FOR DISASTER:
Searching for All-Powerful Flu Weapons

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 15 October 2004: 395.
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INFLUENZA: GIRDING FOR DISASTER_:
Vaccinating Birds May Help to Curtail Virus's Spread

Dennis Normile
Science 15 October 2004: 398-399.
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INFLUENZA: GIRDING FOR DISASTER:
Asia Struggles to Keep Humans and Chickens Apart

Dennis Normile
Science 15 October 2004: 399.
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NOBEL PRIZES:
Laurels to Three Who Tamed Equations of Quark Theory

Charles Seife
Science 15 October 2004: 400.
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NOBEL PRIZES:
Gold Medal From Cellular Trash

Gretchen Vogel
Science 15 October 2004: 400-401.
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NOBEL PRIZES:
Macroeconomists Showed Why Good Intentions Go Wrong

Charles Seife
Science 15 October 2004: 401.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 15 October 2004: 407.
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 Ongoing Controversy over Romanov Remains

Michael Hofreiter, Odile Loreille, Deborah Ferriola, Thomas J. Parsons;, Peter Gill, Erika Hagelberg;, Alec Knight, Lev A. Zhivotovsky, David H. Kass, Daryl E. Litwin, Lance D. Green, and P. Scott White
Science 15 October 2004: 407-410.
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 Producing Neuronal Energy

Philip Siekevitz;, Karl A. Kasischke, and Watt W. Webb
Science 15 October 2004: 410-411.
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 CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS

Science 15 October 2004: 411.
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Books et al.

SCIENCE AND LAW:
Science Weighs In on the Scales of Justice

Bettyann Holtzmann Kevles
Science 15 October 2004: 412-413.
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PSYCHOLOGY:
Lessons from Primates

Francine Dolins
Science 15 October 2004: 413-414.
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 Books Received

Science 15 October 2004: 413.

Essays on Science and Society

EPPENDORF ESSAY WINNER:
Deconstructing C. elegans Sensory Mechanotransduction

Miriam B. Goodman
Science 15 October 2004: 427-428.
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2004 Grand Prize Winner

Science 15 October 2004: 428.
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Policy Forum

CLIMATE:
To Hedge or Not Against an Uncertain Climate Future?

Gary Yohe, Natasha Andronova, and Michael Schlesinger
Science 15 October 2004: 416-417.
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Perspectives

MATERIALS SCIENCE:
Some Assembly Required

Sharon C. Glotzer
Science 15 October 2004: 419-420.
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ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION:
Enhanced: Space--The Final Frontier for Economists and Elephants

Erwin Bulte, Richard Damania, Gillson Lindsey, and Keith Lindsay
Science 15 October 2004: 420-421.
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BEHAVIOR:
A Marketplace in the Brain?

George Ainslie and John Monterosso
Science 15 October 2004: 421-423.
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PHYSICS:
The Environment Matters--Even on the Atomic Scale

Matthias Bode
Science 15 October 2004: 423-425.
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BIOMEDICINE:
Insulin Resistance Takes a Trip Through the ER

Deborah M. Muoio and Christopher B. Newgard
Science 15 October 2004: 425-426.
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Brevia

arrA Is a Reliable Marker for As(V) Respiration

D. Malasarn, C. W. Saltikov, K. M. Campbell, J. M. Santini, J. G. Hering, and D. K. Newman
Science 15 October 2004: 455.
Microorganisms that mobilize toxic arsenic species for use in respiration can be detected by screening sediments for the gene that converts arsenic(V) to arsenic(III). Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Links Obesity, Insulin Action, and Type 2 Diabetes

Umut Özcan, Qiong Cao, Erkan Yilmaz, Ann-Hwee Lee, Neal N. Iwakoshi, Esra Özdelen, Gürol Tuncman, Cem Görgün, Laurie H. Glimcher, and Gökhan S. Hotamisligil
Science 15 October 2004: 457-461.
Obesity causes stress in liver and fat cells, which in turn decreases their insulin sensitivity, potentially causing type 2 diabetes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

A Bayesian Truth Serum for Subjective Data

Drazen Prelec
Science 15 October 2004: 462-466.
The accuracy of opinion surveys and forecasts can be improved by asking respondents to predict the distribution of responses and scoring whether responses are more common than expected. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Single-Atom Spin-Flip Spectroscopy

A. J. Heinrich, J. A. Gupta, C. P. Lutz, and D. M. Eigler
Science 15 October 2004: 466-469.
Published online 9 September 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1101077] (in Science Express Reports)
Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy reveals the magnetic excitations of a single manganese atom adsorbed on different surfaces, including the energy required to flip its spin. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Stable Low-Pressure Hydrogen Clusters Stored in a Binary Clathrate Hydrate

Louw J. Florusse, Cor J. Peters, Joop Schoonman, Keith C. Hester, Carolyn A. Koh, Steven F. Dec, Kenneth N. Marsh, and E. Dendy Sloan
Science 15 October 2004: 469-471.
Including a large guest molecule in one of the molecular cages in a clathrate hydrate stabilizes it, allowing hydrogen storage at near-ambient conditions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mass Spectrometry Sampling Under Ambient Conditions with Desorption Electrospray Ionization

Zoltán Takáts, Justin M. Wiseman, Bogdan Gologan, and R. Graham Cooks
Science 15 October 2004: 471-473.
Surface compounds, including those from plants and animals, can be ionized by electrosprayed water and collected in air for analysis with mass spectroscopy. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Vibrational Energy Transfer Across a Reverse Micelle Surfactant Layer

John C. Deàk, Yoonsoo Pang, Timothy D. Sechler, Zhaohui Wang, and Dana D. Dlott
Science 15 October 2004: 473-476.
Published online 23 September 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1102074] (in Science Express Reports)
Ultrafast Raman spectroscopy reveals that vibrational energy in a water nanodroplet moves through a surfactant interface faster via the polar heads than the nonpolar tails. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Network of Superconducting Gravimeters Detects Submicrogal Coseismic Gravity Changes

Yuichi Imanishi, Tadahiro Sato, Toshihiro Higashi, Wenke Sun, and Shuhei Okubo
Science 15 October 2004: 476-478.
A network of gravimeters made rapid measurements of subtle changes in the acceleration of Earth's gravity produced by rock movement in a recent large earthquake in Japan. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Local Endemism Within the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka Biodiversity Hotspot

Franky Bossuyt, Madhava Meegaskumbura, Natalie Beenaerts, David J. Gower, Rohan Pethiyagoda, Kim Roelants, An Mannaert, Mark Wilkinson, Mohomed M. Bahir, Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi, Peter K. L. Ng, Christopher J. Schneider, Oommen V. Oommen, and Michel C. Milinkovitch
Science 15 October 2004: 479-481.
The fauna of Sri Lanka have remained genetically distinct from that of southern India, despite the five land bridges that connected the two regions during the past 500,000 years. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Regulation of Gene Expression by a Metabolic Enzyme

David A. Hall, Heng Zhu, Xiaowei Zhu, Thomas Royce, Mark Gerstein, and Michael Snyder
Science 15 October 2004: 482-484.
Screening yeast proteins for DNA binding identified a biosynthetic enzyme for the amino acid arginine that also unexpectedly binds to DNA and regulates genes directly. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Prevention of Vaginal SHIV Transmission in Rhesus Macaques Through Inhibition of CCR5

Michael M. Lederman, Ronald S. Veazey, Robin Offord, Donald E. Mosier, Jason Dufour, Megan Mefford, Michael Piatak, Jr., Jeffrey D. Lifson, Janelle R. Salkowitz, Benigno Rodriguez, Andrew Blauvelt, and Oliver Hartley
Science 15 October 2004: 485-487.
A drug that interferes with HIV binding to host cell surfaces prevents vaginal HIV infection in monkeys. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cleavage of proBDNF by tPA/Plasmin Is Essential for Long-Term Hippocampal Plasticity

Petti T. Pang, Henry K. Teng, Eugene Zaitsev, Newton T. Woo, Kazuko Sakata, Shushuang Zhen, Kenneth K. Teng, Wing-Ho Yung, Barbara L. Hempstead, and Bai Lu
Science 15 October 2004: 487-491.
The enhancement of synapse connections that accompanies learning is induced when one protease surrounding the synapse activates a second one, which generates a growth factor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Molecular Architecture of the KvAP Voltage-Dependent K⁺ Channel in a Lipid Bilayer

Luis G. Cuello, D. Marien Cortes, and Eduardo Perozo
Science 15 October 2004: 491-495.
Spin labeling of the channel regulating potassium exchange across membranes reveals, under physiological conditions, a structure inconsistent with current models. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Numerical Cognition Without Words: Evidence from Amazonia

Peter Gordon
Science 15 October 2004: 496-499.
Published online 19 August 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1094492] (in Science Express Reports)
Two Amazonian tribes having words for only a few digits can estimate larger quantities but cannot perform exact calculations involving large numbers. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Exact and Approximate Arithmetic in an Amazonian Indigene Group

Pierre Pica, Cathy Lemer, Véronique Izard, and Stanislas Dehaene
Science 15 October 2004: 499-503.
Two Amazonian tribes having words for only a few digits can estimate larger quantities but cannot perform exact calculations involving large numbers. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Separate Neural Systems Value Immediate and Delayed Monetary Rewards

Samuel M. McClure, David I. Laibson, George Loewenstein, and Jonathan D. Cohen
Science 15 October 2004: 503-507.
When choosing an immediate reward over a delayed one, humans utilize lower-level, phylogenetically "old" brain areas,whereas choice of a delayed reward activates higher cognitive processes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "Force-Clamp Spectroscopy Monitors the Folding Trajectory of a Single Protein"

T. R. Sosnick
Science 15 October 2004: 411.
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 Response to Comment on "Force-Clamp Spectroscopy Monitors the Folding Trajectory of a Single Protein"

Julio M. Fernandez, Hongbin Li, and Jasna Brujic
Science 15 October 2004: 411.
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