This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 8 October 2004: 193.
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Editorial:
U.S. Science Dominance Is the Wrong Issue

Alan I. Leshner
Science 8 October 2004: 197.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 8 October 2004: 199.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 8 October 2004: 205.
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 Quarterly Author Index

Science 8 October 2004: 1-12.

 New Products

Science 8 October 2004: 299.
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News of the Week

SEISMOLOGY:
Parkfield Keeps Secrets After a Long-Awaited Quake

Richard A. Kerr
Science 8 October 2004: 206-207.
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2004 NOBEL PRIZES:
Axel, Buck Share Award for Deciphering How the Nose Knows

Greg Miller
Science 8 October 2004: 207.
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CLIMATE CHANGE:
Russia, Reluctantly, Backs Kyoto

Andrey Allakhverdov and Vladimir Pokrovsky
Science 8 October 2004: 209.
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HUMAN ORIGINS:
Louse DNA Suggests Close Contact Between Early Humans

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 8 October 2004: 210.
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RESEARCH COMMUNITY:
Janelia Farm to Recruit First Class

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 8 October 2004: 210-211.
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PALEONTOLOGY:
T. rex Clan Evolved Head First

Erik Stokstad
Science 8 October 2004: 211.
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AIDS TREATMENT:
Drugmakers Test Restrictions on Generics in U.S. Programs

Jon Cohen
Science 8 October 2004: 213.
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COSMOLOGY:
A Slanted View of the Early Universe

Charles Seife
Science 8 October 2004: 213.
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ScienceScope

Science 8 October 2004: 209.
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Random Samples

Science 8 October 2004: 224.
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News Focus

ASTRONOMY:
Astronomers Eager for a Swift New Vision of the Universe

Robert Irion
Science 8 October 2004: 214-215.
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ASTRONOMY:
Gamma Ray Bursts: New Cosmic Rulers?

Robert Irion
Science 8 October 2004: 215.
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SCIENCE EDUCATION:
Robotic Telescopes Give Kids a Cosmic Classroom

Daniel Clery
Science 8 October 2004: 216-217.
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EUROPEAN SCIENCE:
Institute Sparks an Italian Renaissance in Mouse Biology

Gretchen Vogel
Science 8 October 2004: 217-219.
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U.S. SCIENCE POLICY:
Risky Business

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 8 October 2004: 220-221.
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SPACE SCIENCE:
Westerners Put Their Chips on 2007 Indian Moon Mission

Pallava Bagla
Science 8 October 2004: 222.
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ECOLOGY:
Circling In on a Vulture Killer

Fiona Proffitt and Pallava Bagla
Science 8 October 2004: 223.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 8 October 2004: 227.
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 Tropical Ecosystems into the 21st Century

Kamaljit S. Bawa, W. John Kress, Nalini M. Nadkarni, Sharachchandra Lele, Peter H. Raven, Daniel H. Janzen, Ariel E. Lugo, Peter S. Ashton, and Thomas E. Lovejoy
Science 8 October 2004: 227-228.
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 Changing Strategies in Science Education

J. Jose Bonner
Science 8 October 2004: 228.
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 Universities and the Teaching of Science

James Luken;, Jo Handelsman, Robert Beichner, Peter Bruns, Amy Chang, Robert DeHaan, Diane Ebert-May, Jim Gentile, Sarah Lauffer, James Stewart, and William B. Wood
Science 8 October 2004: 229-230.
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Books et al.

EXHIBITS: ART AND GENOMICS:
Engaged with Sequences

R. Scott Winters
Science 8 October 2004: 231.
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 Books Received

Science 8 October 2004: 231.

Policy Forum

EDUCATION:
The Evolution of Postdocs

Maxine Singer
Science 8 October 2004: 232.
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Perspectives

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:
RNAs Turn On in Tandem

Michael Famulok
Science 8 October 2004: 233-234.
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PHYSICS:
The Active Site in Nanoparticle Gold Catalysis

Charles T. Campbell
Science 8 October 2004: 234-235.
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ASTRONOMY:
Enhanced: Astronomical Masers

Mark Claussen
Science 8 October 2004: 235-236.
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Also see the archival list of Science's Compass: Enhanced Perspectives

APPLIED PHYSICS:
Enhanced: The Maser at 50

Ronald L. Walsworth
Science 8 October 2004: 236-237.
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ECOLOGY:
Keeping an Eye on the Neighbors

Steven Buskirk
Science 8 October 2004: 238-239.
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DEVELOPMENT:
ES Cells to the Rescue

Kenneth R. Chien, Alessandra Moretti, and Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
Science 8 October 2004: 239-240.
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Brevia

Avian H5N1 Influenza in Cats

Thijs Kuiken, Guus Rimmelzwaan, Debby van Riel, Geert van Amerongen, Marianne Baars, Ron Fouchier, and Albert Osterhaus
Science 8 October 2004: 241.
Published online 2 September 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1102287] (in Science Express Brevia)
Cats, thought to be resistant to influenza, developed severe lung disease when inoculated with a flu strain from a fatal human case, suggesting a possible route for transmission of the disease. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Controlling the Dynamics of a Single Atom in Lateral Atom Manipulation

Joseph A. Stroscio and Robert J. Celotta
Science 8 October 2004: 242-247.
Published online 9 September 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1102370] (in Science Express Research Articles)
A scanning tunneling microscope tip can be used to induce hopping of a cobalt atom between almost equivalent adsorption sites and to change the favored binding site. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rescue of Cardiac Defects in Id Knockout Embryos by Injection of Embryonic Stem Cells

Diego Fraidenraich, Elizabeth Stillwell, Elizabeth Romero, David Wilkes, Katia Manova, Craig T. Basson, and Robert Benezra
Science 8 October 2004: 247-252.
Embryonic stem cells secrete cytokine factors that prevent the development of a defective heart in a mutant mouse. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

The Structure of Catalytically Active Gold on Titania

M. S. Chen and D. W. Goodman
Science 8 October 2004: 252-255.
Published online 26 August 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1102420] (in Science Express Reports)
Gold bilayers that completely cover a well-ordered titanium oxide film are much better at catalyzing CO oxidation than distributed gold clusters with a higher surface area. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Accelerated Sea-Level Rise from West Antarctica

R. Thomas, E. Rignot, G. Casassa, P. Kanagaratnam, C. Acuña, T. Akins, H. Brecher, E. Frederick, P. Gogineni, W. Krabill, S. Manizade, H. Ramamoorthy, A. Rivera, R. Russell, J. Sonntag, R. Swift, J. Yungel, and J. Zwally
Science 8 October 2004: 255-258.
Published online 23 September 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1099650] (in Science Express Reports)
Antarctic glaciers flowing into the Amundsen Sea are thinning twice as fast near the coast as they did in the 1990s. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Variable Azimuthal Anisotropy in Earth's Lowermost Mantle

Edward J. Garnero, Valérie Maupin, Thorne Lay, and Matthew J. Fouch
Science 8 October 2004: 259-261.
Slightly faster propagation of some seismic waves in an azimuthal direction at the base of the mantle may imply that small convection cells are aligning the minerals there. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Estimation of Fault Strength: Reconstruction of Stress Before the 1995 Kobe Earthquake

Futoshi Yamashita, Eiichi Fukuyama, and Kentaro Omura
Science 8 October 2004: 261-263.
Estimates of stress before the Kobe, Japan, earthquake suggest that the crust was strong and that shear stress near the center of the fault was building toward failure. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Morphological Disparity of Ammonoids and the Mark of Permian Mass Extinctions

Loïc Villier and Dieter Korn
Science 8 October 2004: 264-266.
The end-Permian mass extinction randomly eliminated different ammonoid shell types, abruptly completing a decline in the range of shell diversity that began 30 million years earlier. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Scaling of Animal Space Use

Walter Jetz, Chris Carbone, Jenny Fulford, and James H. Brown
Science 8 October 2004: 266-268.
A model, supported by data, explains why an animal's territory increases so sharply with body size: The larger the territory, the more of its resources must be shared with neighbors. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Activating Mutations of NOTCH1 in Human T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Andrew P. Weng, Adolfo A. Ferrando, Woojoong Lee, John P. Morris, IV, Lewis B. Silverman, Cheryll Sanchez-Irizarry, Stephen C. Blacklow, A. Thomas Look, and Jon C. Aster
Science 8 October 2004: 269-271.
Mutations that activate a cell surface receptor often occur in a type of human leukemia, providing a rationale for testing the anticancer activity of drugs that inhibit the receptor's action. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Jun Turnover Is Controlled Through JNK-Dependent Phosphorylation of the E3 Ligase Itch

Min Gao, Tord Labuda, Ying Xia, Ewen Gallagher, Deyu Fang, Yun-Cai Liu, and Michael Karin
Science 8 October 2004: 271-275.
Published online 9 September 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1099414] (in Science Express Reports)
A single protein kinase activates both an enzyme that tags proteins for degradation and one of the proteins that it tags, a key transcription factor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Glycine-Dependent Riboswitch That Uses Cooperative Binding to Control Gene Expression

Maumita Mandal, Mark Lee, Jeffrey E. Barrick, Zasha Weinberg, Gail Mitchell Emilsson, Walter L. Ruzzo, and Ronald R. Breaker
Science 8 October 2004: 275-279.
An RNA that binds glycine cooperatively with high affinity controls genes responsible for glycine degradation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Human PAD4 Regulates Histone Arginine Methylation Levels via Demethylimination

Yanming Wang, Joanna Wysocka, Joyce Sayegh, Young-Ho Lee, Julie R. Perlin, Lauriebeth Leonelli, Lakshmi S. Sonbuchner, Charles H. McDonald, Richard G. Cook, Yali Dou, Robert G. Roeder, Steven Clarke, Michael R. Stallcup, C. David Allis, and Scott A. Coonrod
Science 8 October 2004: 279-283.
Published online 2 September 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1101400] (in Science Express Reports)
The enzyme that demethylates histones has been identified, adding another component to the regulatory network that controls gene expression. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Carbonyl Sulfide-Mediated Prebiotic Formation of Peptides

Luke Leman, Leslie Orgel, and M. Reza Ghadiri
Science 8 October 2004: 283-286.
Carbonyl sulfide,which is emitted in volcanic eruptions, can facilitate efficient condensation of amino acids, suggesting a plausible mechanism for the formation of peptides on early Earth. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Genome Sequence of a Polydnavirus: Insights into Symbiotic Virus Evolution

Eric Espagne, Catherine Dupuy, Elisabeth Huguet, Laurence Cattolico, Bertille Provost, Nathalie Martins, Marylène Poirié, Georges Periquet, and Jean Michel Drezen
Science 8 October 2004: 286-289.
During ~74 million years of symbiotic living with its wasp host, a polydnavirus has lost its viral identity, becoming a specialized insecticide that the wasp injects into prey larvae with her eggs. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "How the Horned Lizard Got Its Horns"

Salvatore J. Agosta and Arthur E. Dunham
Science 8 October 2004: 230.
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 Response to Comment on "How the Horned Lizard Got Its Horns"

Edmund D. Brodie, III, K. V. Young, and E. D. Brodie, Jr.
Science 8 October 2004: 230.
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