This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 16 July 2004: 305.
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Editorial:
Science, Law, and the IBM Case

Donald Kennedy
Science 16 July 2004: 309.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 16 July 2004: 311.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 16 July 2004: 317.
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 New Products

Science 16 July 2004: 411.
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News of the Week

SCIENCE BUDGETS:
U.K. Government Promises to Shore Up Britain's Science Base

Daniel Clery
Science 16 July 2004: 318.
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CANCER:
Gleevec, Chapter Two: New Leukemia Drug Aims to Overcome Resistance

John Travis
Science 16 July 2004: 319-321.
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CLIMATE CHANGE:
Moscow Meeting Bogged Down in Acrimony

Martin Enserink
Science 16 July 2004: 319.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES:
Avian Influenza Makes a Comeback, Reviving Pandemic Worries

Dennis Normile and Martin Enserink
Science 16 July 2004: 321.
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CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS:
Single-Electron Spin Measurement Heralds Deeper Look at Atoms

Erik Stokstad
Science 16 July 2004: 322-323.
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GRANTS MANAGEMENT:
Japan Taps Scientists to Improve Reviews

Dennis Normile
Science 16 July 2004: 322.
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U.S. SCIENCE POLICY:
Report Accuses Bush Administration, Again, of 'Politicizing' Science

Andrew Lawler and Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 16 July 2004: 323-325.
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PARTICLE PHYSICS:
Japanese Detector Brings Neutrinos Into Sharper Focus

Dennis Normile
Science 16 July 2004: 325.
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ScienceScope

Science 16 July 2004: 321.
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Random Samples

Science 16 July 2004: 337.
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News Focus

PAIN RESEARCH:
Prolonging the Agony

Jean Marx
Science 16 July 2004: 326-329.
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PAIN RESEARCH:
Why Other People May Not Feel Your Pain

Jean Marx
Science 16 July 2004: 328.
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JAPAN:
Conservation Takes a Front Seat as University Builds New Campus

Dennis Normile
Science 16 July 2004: 329-331.
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JEAN JAUBERT PROFILE:
Keeping Jacques Cousteau's Flame Alive

John Pickrell
Science 16 July 2004: 332-333.
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MICROBIOLOGY:
Researchers Trade Insights About Gene Swapping

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 16 July 2004: 334-335.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 16 July 2004: 340.
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 Using Ethanol as an Energy Source

Burton Richter; and Lanny D. Schmidt
Science 16 July 2004: 340.
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 A Response from IBM

Scott R. Brooks; and Dan Ferber
Science 16 July 2004: 340-342.
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 Prion Diseases and a Penchant for Brains

Cagan H. Sekercioglu
Science 16 July 2004: 342-343.
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Books et al.

COGNITION:
An Open Sandwich or an Open Question?

Nicola S. Clayton
Science 16 July 2004: 344.
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:
New Insights from a Classic System

Terence Hwa
Science 16 July 2004: 345.
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 Books Received

Science 16 July 2004: 345.

Policy Forum

ECOLOGY:
Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management

E. K. Pikitch, C. Santora, E. A. Babcock, A. Bakun, R. Bonfil, D. O. Conover, P. Dayton, P. Doukakis, D. Fluharty, B. Heneman, E. D. Houde, J. Link, P. A. Livingston, M. Mangel, M. K. McAllister, J. Pope, and K. J. Sainsbury
Science 16 July 2004: 346-347.
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Perspectives

PHYSICS:
Music of the Spheres at the Atomic Scale

Alex de Lozanne
Science 16 July 2004: 348-349.
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PHYSIOLOGY:
Heeding the Hormonal Call

Harold Zakon
Science 16 July 2004: 349-350.
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BIOCHEMISTRY:
Completing the View of Transcriptional Regulation

Peter H. von Hippel
Science 16 July 2004: 350-352.
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OCEAN SCIENCE:
Enhanced: The Fate of Industrial Carbon Dioxide

Taro Takahashi
Science 16 July 2004: 352-353.
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Review

The Evolution of Modern Eukaryotic Phytoplankton

Paul G. Falkowski, Miriam E. Katz, Andrew H. Knoll, Antonietta Quigg, John A. Raven, Oscar Schofield, and F. J. R. Taylor
Science 16 July 2004: 354-360.
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Brevia

Long-Lived Drosophila with Overexpressed dFOXO in Adult Fat Body

Maria E. Giannakou, Martin Goss, Martin A. Jünger, Ernst Hafen, Sally J. Leevers, and Linda Partridge
Science 16 July 2004: 361.
Published online 10 June 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1098219] (in Science Express Brevia)
Insulin-like hormones act on the Drosophila fat body, an organ similar to mammalian liver and white fat, to regulate life-span in adult females. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Impact of Anthropogenic CO₂ on the CaCO₃ System in the Oceans

Richard A. Feely, Christopher L. Sabine, Kitack Lee, Will Berelson, Joanie Kleypas, Victoria J. Fabry, and Frank J. Millero
Science 16 July 2004: 362-366.
The oceans have taken up nearly half of the anthropogenically emitted CO₂ since 1800, lowering the pH; future CO₂ uptake may hinder the growth of calcium carbonate–containing plankton and corals. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO₂

Christopher L. Sabine, Richard A. Feely, Nicolas Gruber, Robert M. Key, Kitack Lee, John L. Bullister, Rik Wanninkhof, C. S. Wong, Douglas W. R. Wallace, Bronte Tilbrook, Frank J. Millero, Tsung-Hung Peng, Alexander Kozyr, Tsueno Ono, and Aida F. Rios
Science 16 July 2004: 367-371.
The oceans have taken up nearly half of the anthropogenically emitted CO₂ since 1800, lowering the pH; future CO₂ uptake may hinder the growth of calcium carbonate–containing plankton and corals. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mapping the Antigenic and Genetic Evolution of Influenza Virus

Derek J. Smith, Alan S. Lapedes, Jan C. de Jong, Theo M. Bestebroer, Guus F. Rimmelzwaan, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, and Ron A. M. Fouchier
Science 16 July 2004: 371-376.
Published online 24 June 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1097211] (in Science Express Research Articles)
The genome of a subtype of influenza has evolved smoothly since 1968, whereas its antigenic activity changed in spurts; modeling of this relationship may assist design of future vaccines. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Phase-Resolved Spectroscopy of Geminga Shows Rotating Hot Spot(s)

P. A. Caraveo, A. De Luca, S. Mereghetti, A. Pellizzoni, and G. F. Bignami
Science 16 July 2004: 376-379.
Acceleration of particles in the magnetosphere of the pulsar Geminga may contribute to a hot spot near one of its poles, and the coupling of its gamma ray and x-ray emissions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Force Microscopy with Light-Atom Probes

Stefan Hembacher, Franz J. Giessibl, and Jochen Mannhart
Science 16 July 2004: 380-383.
Published online 10 June 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1099730] (in Science Express Reports)
Resolving the forces as the tungsten tip of an atomic force microscope probes a graphite sheet allows observation of the atomic orbitals that form the covalent bonds in the tip. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Electronic Transitions in Perovskite: Possible Nonconvecting Layers in the Lower Mantle

James Badro, Jean-Pascal Rueff, György Vankó, Giulio Monaco, Guillaume Fiquet, and François Guyot
Science 16 July 2004: 383-386.
Changes in the spin state of iron in the dominant lower mantle mineral, perovskite, might affect thermal conductivity near the base of the mantle, possibly affecting mantle dynamics. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structure and Flexibility Adaptation in Nonspecific and Specific Protein-DNA Complexes

Charalampos G. Kalodimos, Nikolaos Biris, Alexandre M. J. J. Bonvin, Marc M. Levandoski, Marc Guennuegues, Rolf Boelens, and Robert Kaptein
Science 16 July 2004: 386-389.
A DNA binding protein uses the same set of residues for nonspecific and sequence-specific binding to DNA, but allows the structure to remain flexible in the nonspecific case. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Calorie Restriction Promotes Mammalian Cell Survival by Inducing the SIRT1 Deacetylase

Haim Y. Cohen, Christine Miller, Kevin J. Bitterman, Nathan R. Wall, Brian Hekking, Benedikt Kessler, Konrad T. Howitz, Myriam Gorospe, Rafael de Cabo, and David A. Sinclair
Science 16 July 2004: 390-392.
Published online 17 June 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1099196] (in Science Express Reports)
A diet very low in calories triggers the expression of a mammalian longevity gene that inhibits stress induced cell death. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Spatial Coordination of Cytokinetic Events by Compartmentalization of the Cell Cortex

Jeroen Dobbelaere and Yves Barral
Science 16 July 2004: 393-396.
As two daughter cells separate at the end of cell division, a protein forms a diffusion barrier to corral all the necessary proteins in the region of separation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Limb Bud Shh-Fgf Feedback Loop Is Terminated by Expansion of Former ZPA Cells

Paul J. Scherz, Brian D. Harfe, Andrew P. McMahon, and Clifford J. Tabin
Science 16 July 2004: 396-399.
The length of a limb is set when a growth factor feedback loop between the tip and the base is interrupted by the growth of intervening cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Overriding Imatinib Resistance with a Novel ABL Kinase Inhibitor

Neil P. Shah, Chris Tran, Francis Y. Lee, Ping Chen, Derek Norris, and Charles L. Sawyers
Science 16 July 2004: 399-401.
A second-generation version of the powerful cancer drug Gleevec may help patients who have developed resistance to the original drug. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Honey Bee Nest Thermoregulation: Diversity Promotes Stability

Julia C. Jones, Mary R. Myerscough, Sonia Graham, and Benjamin P. Oldroyd
Science 16 July 2004: 402-404.
Published online 24 June 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1096340] (in Science Express Reports)
Genetically diverse honey bee colonies, whose workers have various thresholds for fanning, regulate hive temperatures better than those derived from a single mating. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Steroid-Dependent Auditory Plasticity Leads to Adaptive Coupling of Sender and Receiver

Joseph A. Sisneros, Paul M. Forlano, David L. Deitcher, and Andrew H. Bass
Science 16 July 2004: 404-407.
During the mating season, the auditory sensitivity of female midshipman fish becomes tuned to the distinctive mating hum made by their prospective partners. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cognitive Imitation in Rhesus Macaques

Francys Subiaul, Jessica F. Cantlon, Ralph L. Holloway, and Herbert S. Terrace
Science 16 July 2004: 407-410.
After a monkey has watched another monkey receive a reward for ordering a four-item list, he learns how to perform the same task more quickly. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|