This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 14 May 2004: 923.
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Editorial:
Perceived Threats and Real Killers

Roger I. Glass
Science 14 May 2004: 927.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 14 May 2004: 929.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 14 May 2004: 935.
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 New Products

Science 14 May 2004: 1031.
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News of the Week

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH:
Paid Consulting: Good for the Staff, Not for the Chiefs

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 14 May 2004: 936-937.
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NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH:
Are Scientists Worth More Than Senators?

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 14 May 2004: 936.
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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH:
Beset by Lawsuits, IBM Blocks a Study That Used Its Data

Dan Ferber
Science 14 May 2004: 937-939.
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SPACE SCIENCE:
Hubble Alternative to the Rescue?

Andrew Lawler
Science 14 May 2004: 940.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE:
Endurance Has Its Rewards on Mars

Richard A. Kerr
Science 14 May 2004: 940.
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PALEONTOLOGY:
Evidence of Huge, Deadly Impact Found Off Australian Coast?

Richard A. Kerr
Science 14 May 2004: 941.
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:
Consortium Tackles Mouse Regulome

Wayne Kondro
Science 14 May 2004: 942.
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BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH:
New NIH Training Grants Open to Foreign Students

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 14 May 2004: 942.
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U.S. IMMIGRATION:
Groups Urge Easing of Restrictions on Visa Policies Affecting Scientists

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 14 May 2004: 943.
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INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION:
Priorities for Rebuilding Civilian Iraqi Science

Richard Stone
Science 14 May 2004: 943-945.
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RESEARCH ETHICS:
South Korean Cloning Team Denies Improprieties

Dennis Normile
Science 14 May 2004: 945.
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ScienceScope

Science 14 May 2004: 939.
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Random Samples

Science 14 May 2004: 955.
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News Focus

METEOROLOGY:
Storm-in-a-Box Forecasting

Richard A. Kerr
Science 14 May 2004: 946-948.
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METEOROLOGY:
No End Yet to Forecast Advances

Richard A. Kerr
Science 14 May 2004: 948.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE:
Skywatchers Await the Fleeting Shadow of Venus

Robert Irion
Science 14 May 2004: 949.
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AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY MEETING:
Once Again, Dark Matter Eludes a Supersensitive Trap

Charles Seife
Science 14 May 2004: 950.
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AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY MEETING:
Solar Flares Reveal Surprising Recipe

Charles Seife
Science 14 May 2004: 950.
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AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY MEETING:
Gravity Withstands Close-Up Scrutiny

Charles Seife
Science 14 May 2004: 951.
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HIGHER EDUCATION:
Reinventing Europe's Universities

Martin Enserink
Science 14 May 2004: 951-953.
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HIGHER EDUCATION:
Russian Universities Want Their Share of the Research Pie

Andrey Allakhverdov and Vladimir Pokrovsky
Science 14 May 2004: 953.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 14 May 2004: 959.
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 Contaminated Evidence

Elizabeth F. Loftus and Simon A. Cole
Science 7 May 2004: 959.
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 The Future of GM Crops

Richard Braun;, Robert P. Freckleton, William J. Sutherland, and Andrew R. Watkinson
Science 14 May 2004: 959-963.
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 Humidity, Ice, and Nitric Acid

Robert McGraw;, R. S. Gao, D. W. Fahey, O. B. Toon, and B. Kärcher
Science 14 May 2004: 961-963.
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 CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS

Science 14 May 2004: 963.
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Books et al.

BEHAVIORAL EVOLUTION:
Mutual Benefits at All Levels of Life

Robert Trivers
Science 14 May 2004: 964-965.
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EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY:
The Wide Spectrum of Sex and Gender

Alison Jolly
Science 14 May 2004: 965-966.
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 Browsings

Science 14 May 2004: 966.
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 Books Received

Science 14 May 2004: 966.

Policy Forum

PUBLIC HEALTH:
Enhanced: Public Health Risk from the Avian H5N1 Influenza Epidemic

Neil M. Ferguson, Christophe Fraser, Christl A. Donnelly, Azra C. Ghani, and Roy M. Anderson
Science 14 May 2004: 968-969.
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Perspectives

BIOMEDICINE:
Do Airborne Particles Induce Heritable Mutations?

Jonathan M. Samet, David M. DeMarini, and Heinrich V. Malling
Science 14 May 2004: 971-972.
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GEOCHEMISTRY:
Life's Chemical Kitchen

Barbara Sherwood Lollar
Science 14 May 2004: 972-973.
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NEUROSCIENCE:
Controlling the Ups and Downs of Synaptic Strength

Tim Bliss and Ralf Schoepfer
Science 14 May 2004: 973-974.
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CHEMISTRY:
New Insights into the Structure of Water with Ultrafast Probes

Yan Zubavicus and Michael Grunze
Science 14 May 2004: 974-976.
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IMMUNOLOGY:
The Bell Tolls for Phagosome Maturation

Colin Watts
Science 14 May 2004: 976-977.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE:
The Giant Impact Formation of the Moon

Herbert Palme
Science 14 May 2004: 977-979.
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EVOLUTION:
Retrospective: In Memory of John Maynard Smith (1920-2004)

Richard Lewontin
Science 14 May 2004: 979.
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Brevia

 Recombination of Human Mitochondrial DNA

Yevgenya Kraytsberg, Marianne Schwartz, Timothy A. Brown, Konstantin Ebralidse, Wolfram S. Kunz, David A. Clayton, John Vissing, and Konstantin Khrapko
Science 14 May 2004: 981.
The mitochondria of a unique individual who inherited them from both parents exhibit recombination, suggesting that this may occur in all human mitochondria. Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

 Retrotransposon-Induced Mutations in Grape Skin Color

Shozo Kobayashi, Nami Goto-Yamamoto, and Hirohiko Hirochika
Science 14 May 2004: 982.
Red grapes arose from white grapes when parts of a mobile DNA element jumped out of position;white grapes originated from black grapes when the same element settled into a gene for pigment biosynthesis. Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

Oscillating Global Regulators Control the Genetic Circuit Driving a Bacterial Cell Cycle

Julia Holtzendorff, Dean Hung, Peter Brende, Ann Reisenauer, Patrick H. Viollier, Harley H. McAdams, and Lucy Shapiro
Science 14 May 2004: 983-987.
Published online 15 April 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1095191] (in Science Express Research Articles)
A bacterial cell cycle is controlled by two proteins that oscillate out of phase, one silencing DNA replication and the other activating replication and chromosome segregation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Continuous Particle Separation Through Deterministic Lateral Displacement

Lotien Richard Huang, Edward C. Cox, Robert H. Austin, and James C. Sturm
Science 14 May 2004: 987-990.
Flow through posts separated by few micrometers efficiently separates or concentrates small particles in a solution, with minimal dispersion. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Extra-Large-Pore Zeolites with Two-Dimensional Channels Formed by 14 and 12 Rings

Jean-Louis Paillaud, Bogdan Harbuzaru, Joël Patarin, and Nicolas Bats
Science 14 May 2004: 990-992.
A thermally stable zeolite synthesized with germanium on an organic template has huge pores with intersecting channels, providing a useful catalytic system for larger molecules. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Preference for Vibrational over Translational Energy in a Gas-Surface Reaction

R. R. Smith, D. R. Killelea, D. F. DelSesto, and A. L. Utz
Science 14 May 2004: 992-995.
Making methane vibrate more energetically, rather than move faster, enhances its dissociation when it hits a surface, in contrast to theoretical predictions for gas-surface reactions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Structure of the First Coordination Shell in Liquid Water

Ph. Wernet, D. Nordlund, U. Bergmann, M. Cavalleri, M. Odelius, H. Ogasawara, L. Å. Näslund, T. K. Hirsch, L. Ojamäe, P. Glatzel, L. G. M. Pettersson, and A. Nilsson
Science 14 May 2004: 995-999.
Published online 1 April 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1096205] (in Science Express Reports)
X-ray absorption and Raman scattering reveal that most of the molecules in liquid water form only one strong hydrogen bond, like those on the surface of ice. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Asphalt Volcanism and Chemosynthetic Life in the Campeche Knolls, Gulf of Mexico

I. R. MacDonald, G. Bohrmann, E. Escobar, F. Abegg, P. Blanchon, V. Blinova, W. Brückmann, M. Drews, A. Eisenhauer, X. Han, K. Heeschen, F. Meier, C. Mortera, T. Naehr, B. Orcutt, B. Bernard, J. Brooks, and M. de Faragó
Science 14 May 2004: 999-1002.
A large area of petroleum seeps and lavalike flows of solidified asphalt deep in the southern Gulf of Mexico harbors a deep-sea biological community. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Hydrocarbons in Hydrothermal Vent Fluids: The Role of Chromium-Bearing Catalysts

Dionysis I. Foustoukos and William E. Seyfried, Jr.
Science 14 May 2004: 1002-1005.
Published online 1 April 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1096033] (in Science Express Reports)
Experiments suggest that interaction of CO₂-rich fluids with iron- and chromium-bearing minerals in the oceanic crust can form hydrocarbons emitted from sea-floor vents. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Enhanced Open Ocean Storage of CO₂ from Shelf Sea Pumping

Helmuth Thomas, Yann Bozec, Khalid Elkalay, and Hein J. W. de Baar
Science 14 May 2004: 1005-1008.
The North Sea functions as a highly efficient pump of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to the North Atlantic Ocean. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Reduction of Particulate Air Pollution Lowers the Risk of Heritable Mutations in Mice

Christopher M. Somers, Brian E. McCarry, Farideh Malek, and James S. Quinn
Science 14 May 2004: 1008-1010.
Particulate air pollution from industry and vehicle exhaust increases the rate of inherited genetic alterations in mice. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

TAF1 Activates Transcription by Phosphorylation of Serine 33 in Histone H2B

Tobias Maile, Simona Kwoczynski, Rebeccah J. Katzenberger, David A. Wassarman, and Frank Sauer
Science 14 May 2004: 1010-1014.
A ubiquitous general transcription factor promotes cell division by adding a phosphate to a protein that packages the DNA in genes that regulate the cell cycle. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Regulation of Phagosome Maturation by Signals from Toll-Like Receptors

J. Magarian Blander and Ruslan Medzhitov
Science 14 May 2004: 1014-1018.
Receptors that recognize bacterial antigens also help ensure that immune cells properly engulf and digest the bacteria. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Species Interactions and the Evolution of Sex

Sarah P. Otto and Scott L. Nuismer
Science 14 May 2004: 1018-1020.
Contrary to conventional wisdom, species coevolving with other species gain no advantage from employing sex and recombination in their reproduction. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Role of NMDA Receptor Subtypes in Governing the Direction of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity

Lidong Liu, Tak Pan Wong, Mario F. Pozza, Kurt Lingenhoehl, Yushan Wang, Morgan Sheng, Yves P. Auberson, and Yu Tian Wang
Science 14 May 2004: 1021-1024.
One subtype of a glutamate receptor strengthens interneuronal connections whereas another subtype weakens them, leading to opposite forms of synaptic plasticity that may underlie learning. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Exclusive Consolidated Memory Phases in Drosophila

Guillaume Isabel, Alberto Pascual, and Thomas Preat
Science 14 May 2004: 1024-1027.
Short-term memory in flies is extinguished as long-term memory is stabilized, a complexity in neuronal processing previously thought to be confined to mammals. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Scale Errors Offer Evidence for a Perception-Action Dissociation Early in Life

Judy S. DeLoache, David H. Uttal, and Karl S. Rosengren
Science 14 May 2004: 1027-1029.
Young children will interact with small objects as if they were full size (for example, by trying to sit in a tiny toy chair), indicating an inability to integrate visual perception with motor actions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "Origin of the Superflock of Cichlid Fishes from Lake Victoria, East Africa"

J. C. Stager, J. J. Day, and S. Santini
Science 14 May 2004: 963.
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 Response to Comment on "Origin of the Superflock of Cichlid Fishes from Lake Victoria, East Africa"

Erik Verheyen, Walter Salzburger, Jos Snoeks, and Axel Meyer
Science 14 May 2004: 963.
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