This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 7 May 2004: 791.
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Editorial:
The Largest Void on Earth?

Robert B. Gagosian
Science 7 May 2004: 795.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 7 May 2004: 797.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 7 May 2004: 803.
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 New Products

Science 7 May 2004: 888.
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News of the Week

EPIDEMIOLOGY:
Public Enemy Number One: Tobacco or Obesity?

Eliot Marshall
Science 7 May 2004: 804.
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GLOBAL CHANGE:
Getting Warmer, However You Measure It

Richard A. Kerr
Science 7 May 2004: 805-807.
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U.S. RESEARCH POLICY:
NSF Warned Off Smithsonian Pact

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 7 May 2004: 805.
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FISHERIES SCIENCE:
Plan to Count Hatchery Salmon Criticized

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 7 May 2004: 807.
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NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION:
State Profiles Join Global Review of Science

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 7 May 2004: 808.
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BIODEFENSE:
Smallpox Vaccines: Looking Beyond the Next Generation

Martin Enserink
Science 7 May 2004: 809.
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BIRD EVOLUTION:
Surprise Hummingbird Fossil Sets Experts Abuzz

Erik Stokstad
Science 7 May 2004: 810-811.
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UNDERGRADUATE SCIENCE:
Harvard Joins Reform Movement

Andrew Lawler
Science 7 May 2004: 810.
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NEUROSCIENCE:
Locating a New Step in Pain's Pathway

Jean Marx
Science 7 May 2004: 811.
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ScienceScope

Science 7 May 2004: 807.
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Random Samples

Science 7 May 2004: 820.
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News Focus

STANDARDS:
A Most Unbearable Weight

Gabrielle Walker
Science 7 May 2004: 812-813.
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A BAGHDAD TRIPTYCH:
Reclaiming Iraq's Past: Life on the Front Lines

Andrew Lawler
Science 7 May 2004: 814-815.
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HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE:
Unorthodox Clinical Trials Meld Science and Care

Jennifer Couzin
Science 7 May 2004: 816-817.
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AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS MEETING:
Tracking the Evolutionary History of a "Warrior" Gene

Ann Gibbons
Science 7 May 2004: 818.
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AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS MEETING:
Chimpanzee Gang Warfare

Ann Gibbons
Science 7 May 2004: 818-819.
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AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS MEETING:
Seeing What an Extinct Monkey Saw

Ann Gibbons
Science 7 May 2004: 819.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 4 May 2004: 822.
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 Is Human Spaceflight Now Obsolete?

James A. Van Allen
Science 7 May 2004: 822.
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 Making a Case for Humans in Space

Harrison H. Schmitt
Science 7 May 2004: 822.
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 How Broad Are Water Dimer Bands?

Martin A. Suhm; and Klaus Pfeilsticker
Science 7 May 2004: 823-824.
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 The Problems of Bonus Pay

Jeremy M. Berg
Science 7 May 2004: 824.
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 Don't Experiment on Endangered Ferrets!

Richard Ellis
Science 7 May 2004: 824.
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Books et al.

EVOLUTION AND CREATIONISM:
Shapes of a Wedge

Steve Olson
Science 7 May 2004: 825-826.
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SCIENCE AND CULTURE:
Nota Bene: Pain Viewed Dispassionately

Caroline Ash
Science 7 May 2004: 826.
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 Books Received

Science 7 May 2004: 826.

Essays on Science and Society

BEYOND THE IVORY TOWER:
"A Vast Machine": Standards as Social Technology

Paul N. Edwards
Science 7 May 2004: 827-828.
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Perspectives

NEUROSCIENCE:
Zif and the Survival of Memory

Iván Izquierdo and Martín Cammarota
Science 7 May 2004: 829-830.
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PHYSICS:
Colloids as Big Atoms

Wilson Poon
Science 7 May 2004: 830-831.
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ECOLOGY:
Domains of Diversity

Stuart L. Pimm and James H. Brown
Science 7 May 2004: 831-833.
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STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY:
Enhanced: The p75 NGF Receptor Exposed

Niccoló Zampieri and Moses V. Chao
Science 7 May 2004: 833-834.
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GEOPHYSICS:
A New Paradigm for Earth's Core-Mantle Boundary

Edward J. Garnero
Science 7 May 2004: 834-836.
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BIOPHYSICS:
Catching Copper in the Act

Nermeen W. Aboelella, Anne M. Reynolds, and William B. Tolman
Science 7 May 2004: 836-837.
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Brevia

 Lost at Sea: Where Is All the Plastic?

Richard C. Thompson, Ylva Olsen, Richard P. Mitchell, Anthony Davis, Steven J. Rowland, Anthony W. G. John, Daniel McGonigle, and Andrea E. Russell
Science 7 May 2004: 838.
Microscopic fragments of plastic have steadily accumulated in the environment over the past 40 years and now contaminate marine habitats from sandy beaches to the open oceans. Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Independent Cellular Processes for Hippocampal Memory Consolidation and Reconsolidation

Jonathan L. C. Lee, Barry J. Everitt, and Kerrie L. Thomas
Science 7 May 2004: 839-843.
Published online 8 April 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1095760] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Storing a memory again after it has been remembered unexpectedly requires biochemical events distinct from those needed to store the memory in the first place. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The PIDDosome, a Protein Complex Implicated in Activation of Caspase-2 in Response to Genotoxic Stress

Antoine Tinel and Jürg Tschopp
Science 7 May 2004: 843-846.
Published online 8 April 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1095432] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Genotoxic compounds such as those used in chemotherapy cause cell death by acting on a complex of proteins that initiates a cascade of protein destruction. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Direct Visual Observation of Thermal Capillary Waves

Dirk G. A. L. Aarts, Matthias Schmidt, and Henk N. W. Lekkerkerker
Science 7 May 2004: 847-850.
Confocal microscopy with a laser reveals how subtle surface waves induced by thermal oscillations can merge liquid drops or break up thin liquid films. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

RNA-Mediated Metal-Metal Bond Formation in the Synthesis of Hexagonal Palladium Nanoparticles

Lina A. Gugliotti, Daniel L. Feldheim, and Bruce E. Eaton
Science 7 May 2004: 850-852.
Published online 15 April 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1095678] (in Science Express Reports)
Specific RNA molecules, enhanced through several cycles of artificial selection, nucleate the growth of unusual hexagonal palladium crystals. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Early Proterozoic Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphism: Evidence from Microdiamonds

Pierre Cartigny, Ingrid Chinn, K. S. Viljoen, and Derek Robinson
Science 7 May 2004: 853-855.
Microscopic diamonds from Canada formed when carbon was subducted deeply 1.8 billion years ago, earlier than other examples of this metamorphic process. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Post-Perovskite Phase Transition in MgSiO₃

Motohiko Murakami, Kei Hirose, Katsuyuki Kawamura, Nagayoshi Sata, and Yasuo Ohishi
Science 7 May 2004: 855-858.
Published online 8 April 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1095932] (in Science Express Reports)
The dominant mineral in Earth’s lower mantle, perovskite, is tranformed to a different phase at pressures near the boundary with the core. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Degradation of Terrigenous Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Western Arctic Ocean

Dennis A. Hansell, David Kadko, and Nicholas R. Bates
Science 7 May 2004: 858-861.
Only about 30 percent of the abundant dissolved organic carbon that rivers dump into the Arctic Ocean reaches the North Atlantic after more than a decade. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Old World Fossil Record of Modern-Type Hummingbirds

Gerald Mayr
Science 7 May 2004: 861-864.
An exquisite 30-million-year-old hummingbird fossil shows adaptations for sipping nectar, suggesting an early coevolution with flowering plants. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Dioxygen Binds End-On to Mononuclear Copper in a Precatalytic Enzyme Complex

Sean T. Prigge, Betty A. Eipper, Richard E. Mains, and L. Mario Amzel
Science 7 May 2004: 864-867.
The unique geometry of dioxygen binding to copper explains how electron transfer in the enzyme could be coupled to oxygen reduction. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Side-On Copper-Nitrosyl Coordination by Nitrite Reductase

Elitza I. Tocheva, Federico I. Rosell, A. Grant Mauk, and Michael E. P. Murphy
Science 7 May 2004: 867-870.
The copper atoms of nitrite reductase bind nitric oxide, the product of denitrification, in an unusual sideways configuration in which nitrogen and oxygen are equidistant from the copper atom. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structure of Nerve Growth Factor Complexed with the Shared Neurotrophin Receptor p75

Xiao-lin He and K. Christopher Garcia
Science 7 May 2004: 870-875.
Unexpectedly, nerve growth factor dimers bind to only one molecule of their dimeric receptor, thereby forcing disassembly of the receptor into monomers. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Periodic Signaling Controlled by an Oscillatory Circuit That Includes Protein Kinases ERK2 and PKA

Mineko Maeda, Sijie Lu, Gad Shaulsky, Yuji Miyazaki, Hidekazu Kuwayama, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Adam Kuspa, and William F. Loomis
Science 7 May 2004: 875-878.
Simulations based on biochemical data reproduce the periodic oscillations of the messenger cyclic AMP that controls chemotaxis in the amoeba Dictyostelium. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cognitive Inflexibility After Prefrontal Serotonin Depletion

H. F. Clarke, J. W. Dalley, H. S. Crofts, T. W. Robbins, and A. C. Roberts
Science 7 May 2004: 878-880.
Monkeys with less serotonin in their prefrontal cortex cannot easily change their behavior when new circumstances require, an alteration that mimics obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Involvement of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Remote Contextual Fear Memory

Paul W. Frankland, Bruno Bontempi, Lynn E. Talton, Leszek Kaczmarek, and Alcino J. Silva
Science 7 May 2004: 881-883.
The anterior cingulate cortex is identified as essential for the recollection of permanently stored memories in mice. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

GlyR 3: An Essential Target for Spinal PGE₂-Mediated Inflammatory Pain Sensitization

Robert J. Harvey, Ulrike B. Depner, Heinz Wässle, Seifollah Ahmadi, Cornelia Heindl, Heiko Reinold, Trevor G. Smart, Kirsten Harvey, Burkhard Schütz, Osama M. Abo-Salem, Andreas Zimmer, Pierrick Poisbeau, Hans Welzl, David P. Wolfer, Heinrich Betz, Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer, and Ulrike Müller
Science 7 May 2004: 884-887.
The hypersensitivity to pain caused by inflammation results from the action of lipid messengers on a particular neurotransmitter receptor in the spinal cord. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|