This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 30 April 2004: 645.
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Editorial:
Sustainable Development

Jeffrey D. Sachs
Science 30 April 2004: 649.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 30 April 2004: 651.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 30 April 2004: 657.
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 AAAS News & Notes

Science 30 April 2004: 696-697.

 New Products

Science 23 April 2004: 747.
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News of the Week

MEDICINE:
Why a New Cancer Drug Works Well, In Some Patients

Jean Marx
Science 30 April 2004: 658-659.
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U.S. SCIENCE POLICY:
White House Budget Blowout

David Malakoff
Science 30 April 2004: 658.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES:
Mounting Lab Accidents Raise SARS Fears

Dennis Normile
Science 30 April 2004: 659-661.
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EARTH OBSERVATION:
Summit Pledges Global Data Sharing

Dennis Normile
Science 30 April 2004: 661.
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PUBLIC HEALTH:
Reorganization Plans Roil Staff Scientists at CDC

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 30 April 2004: 662-663.
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NATURAL DISASTERS:
Farsighted Report on Flooding Augurs Economic Waterloos

Daniel Clery
Science 30 April 2004: 662.
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ARCHAEOLOGY:
Earliest Signs of Human-Controlled Fire Uncovered in Israel

Michael Balter
Science 30 April 2004: 663-665.
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BIOSAFETY:
Boston Weighs a Ban on Biodefense Studies

Andrew Lawler
Science 30 April 2004: 665.
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ScienceScope

Science 30 April 2004: 661.
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Random Samples

Science 30 April 2004: 677.
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News Focus

PREMATURE LABOR:
Resetting Pregnancy's Clock

Ingrid Wickelgren
Science 30 April 2004: 666-668.
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PREMATURE LABOR:
Labor: True or False?

Ingrid Wickelgren
Science 30 April 2004: 668.
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NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUMS:
California Academy Starts on the Museum of Its Dreams

Marcia Barinaga
Science 30 April 2004: 669-670.
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GENOMICS:
Consensus Emerges on HapMap Strategy

Jennifer Couzin
Science 30 April 2004: 671-673.
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EPIDEMIOLOGY:
Plague Annals Help Bring Microbe Lab in From the Cold

Richard Stone
Science 30 April 2004: 673.
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MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY MEETING:
Sushi-like Discs Give Inside View of Elusive Membrane Proteins

Robert F. Service
Science 30 April 2004: 674.
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MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY MEETING:
Lighting the Way to Speedier Chips

Robert F. Service
Science 30 April 2004: 674-675.
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MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY MEETING:
Printable Electronics That Stick Around

Robert F. Service
Science 30 April 2004: 675.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 30 April 2004: 681.
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 Three Gorges Project: Chance and Challenge

Guozhen Shen and Zongqiang Xie
Science 30 April 2004: 681.
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 The Ethics of Public Health Surveillance

John P. Middaugh, James G. Hodge, Matthew L. Cartter;, Amy L. Fairchild, and Ronald Bayer
Science 30 April 2004: 681-684.
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 No Such Thing as a Square Hectare

Bruce Barrow
Science 30 April 2004: 684.
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 CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS

Science 30 April 2004: 684.
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Books et al.

CLIMATE CHANGE:
Something Warm, Something New

Thomas J. Crowley
Science 30 April 2004: 685-686.
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ASTRONOMY:
A History Recorded in the Margins

Peter Barker
Science 30 April 2004: 686.
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 Books Received

Science 30 April 2004: 686.

Policy Forum

SCIENCE AND GOVERNMENT:
Biosecurity and Research: Minimizing Adverse Impacts

Jennifer Gaudioso and Reynolds M. Salerno
Science 30 April 2004: 687.
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Perspectives

NEUROSCIENCE:
The Mysteries of Myelin Unwrapped

Charles ffrench-Constant, Holly Colognato, and Robin J. M. Franklin
Science 30 April 2004: 688-689.
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ASTRONOMY:
Enhanced: Glimpsing Matter at the Brink

Mark R. Morris
Science 30 April 2004: 689-692.
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CHEMISTRY:
Chemistry with Nanoscale Perfection

Jillian M. Buriak
Science 30 April 2004: 692-693.
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MEDICINE:
Modulation of Radiation Injury

C. Norman Coleman, Helen B. Stone, John E. Moulder, and Terry C. Pellmar
Science 30 April 2004: 693-694.
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:
The Life of RNA with Proteins

Patrick Linder
Science 30 April 2004: 694-695.
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Brevia

 Capturing the Labile Fullerene[50] as C₅₀Cl₁₀

Su-Yuan Xie, Fei Gao, Xin Lu, Rong-Bin Huang, Chun-Ru Wang, Xu Zhang, Mai-Li Liu, Shun-Liu Deng, and Lan-Sun Zheng
Science 30 April 2004: 699.
Adding chlorine to the usual synthesis of C₆₀ fullerenes allows the elusive C₅₀ form of the molecule to be stabilized and captured. Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Axonal Neuregulin-1 Regulates Myelin Sheath Thickness

Galin V. Michailov, Michael W. Sereda, Bastian G. Brinkmann, Tobias M. Fischer, Bernhard Haug, Carmen Birchmeier, Lorna Role, Cary Lai, Markus H. Schwab, and Klaus-Armin Nave
Science 30 April 2004: 700-703.
Published online 25 March 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1095862] (in Science Express Research Articles)
A neuronal factor directs adjacent nonneural cells to spin just the right amount of insulating membrane around the axon. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Detection of the Intrinsic Size of Sagittarius A* Through Closure Amplitude Imaging

Geoffrey C. Bower, Heino Falcke, Robeson M. Herrnstein, Jun-Hui Zhao, W. M. Goss, and Donald C. Backer
Science 30 April 2004: 704-708.
Published online 1 April 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1094023] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Radio emissions from near the boundary of the supermassive black hole in the Milky Way allow its size to be determined. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

In-Plane Spectral Weight Shift of Charge Carriers in YBa₂Cu₃O_6.9

A. V. Boris, N. N. Kovaleva, O. V. Dolgov, T. Holden, C. T. Lin, B. Keimer, and C. Bernhard
Science 30 April 2004: 708-710.
During the cooling of a cuprate superconductor, paired electrons increase their kinetic energy, in contrast to earlier results. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Formation of Hollow Nanocrystals Through the Nanoscale Kirkendall Effect

Yadong Yin, Robert M. Rioux, Can K. Erdonmez, Steven Hughes, Gabor A. Somorjai, and A. Paul Alivisatos
Science 30 April 2004: 711-714.
Different rates of diffusion of atoms, which produce vacancies, are exploited to make nanoparticles with a core and shell or hollow nanoparticles that may be better catalysts. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Population-Level HIV Declines and Behavioral Risk Avoidance in Uganda

Rand L. Stoneburner and Daniel Low-Beer
Science 30 April 2004: 714-718.
Warnings about disease transmission through casual sex from friends and family, rather than a media campaign, helped reduce HIV incidence in Uganda by 70 percent since the early 1990s. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Evidence for the Predominance of Mid-Tropospheric Aerosols as Subtropical Anvil Cloud Nuclei

Ann M. Fridlind, Andrew S. Ackerman, Eric J. Jensen, Andrew J. Heymsfield, Michael R. Poellot, David E. Stevens, Donghai Wang, Larry M. Miloshevich, Darrel Baumgardner, R. Paul Lawson, James C. Wilson, Richard C. Flagan, John H. Seinfeld, Haflidi H. Jonsson, Timothy M. VanReken, Varuntida Varutbangkul, and Tracey A. Rissman
Science 30 April 2004: 718-722.
Distant aerosols and pollution in the middle troposphere are more important in forming huge tropical anvil cirrus clouds than are aerosols originating locally from near the sea surface. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Missing OH Reactivity in a Forest: Evidence for Unknown Reactive Biogenic VOCs

Piero Di Carlo, William H. Brune, Monica Martinez, Hartwig Harder, Robert Lesher, Xinrong Ren, Troy Thornberry, Mary Anne Carroll, Valerie Young, Paul B. Shepson, Daniel Riemer, Eric Apel, and Colleen Campbell
Science 30 April 2004: 722-725.
Unknown gases, probably organic compounds produced from forest vegetation, consume the important atmospheric oxidants OH, O₃, and NO₃ at unexpectedly high rates. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Evidence of Hominin Control of Fire at Gesher Benot Ya`aqov, Israel

Naama Goren-Inbar, Nira Alperson, Mordechai E. Kislev, Orit Simchoni, Yoel Melamed, Adi Ben-Nun, and Ella Werker
Science 30 April 2004: 725-727.
Burned wood and clusters of burned flint fragments at a site in Israel suggest that humans were controlling fire nearly 800,000 years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Illuminating the Evolutionary History of Chlamydiae

Matthias Horn, Astrid Collingro, Stephan Schmitz-Esser, Cora L. Beier, Ulrike Purkhold, Berthold Fartmann, Petra Brandt, Gerald J. Nyakatura, Marcus Droege, Dmitrij Frishman, Thomas Rattei, Hans-Werner Mewes, and Michael Wagner
Science 30 April 2004: 728-730.
Published online 8 April 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1096330] (in Science Express Reports)
Infectious properties of modern bacterial pathogens first evolved in ancestral symbionts 700 million years ago, before multicellular organisms arose. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Protein Displacement by DExH/D "RNA Helicases" Without Duplex Unwinding

Margaret E. Fairman, Patricia A. Maroney, Wen Wang, Heath A. Bowers, Paul Gollnick, Timothy W. Nilsen, and Eckhard Jankowsky
Science 30 April 2004: 730-734.
Enzymes thought to unwind RNA double helices actually work by removing both protein and the complementary RNA from one of the RNA strands. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Identification of Virus-Encoded MicroRNAs

Sébastien Pfeffer, Mihaela Zavolan, Friedrich A. Grässer, Minchen Chien, James J. Russo, Jingyue Ju, Bino John, Anton J. Enright, Debora Marks, Chris Sander, and Thomas Tuschl
Science 30 April 2004: 734-736.
The Epstein-Barr virus encodes microRNAs that likely regulate host and viral gene expression,whereas hepatitis C, yellow fever, and HIV-1 viruses do not. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Predictive Thresholds for Plague in Kazakhstan

Stephen Davis, Mike Begon, Luc De Bruyn, Vladimir S. Ageyev, Nikolay L. Klassovskiy, Sergey B. Pole, Hildegunn Viljugrein, Nils Chr. Stenseth, and Herwig Leirs
Science 30 April 2004: 736-738.
Great gerbils, a reservoir for the bacterium that causes bubonic plague, undergo population cycles that reliably predict periodic plague outbreak in humans. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Synaptic Changes in Layer 2/3 Underlying Map Plasticity of Developing Barrel Cortex

Carl C. H. Petersen, Michael Brecht, Thomas T. G. Hahn, and Bert Sakmann
Science 30 April 2004: 739-742.
Removal of some of a young rat's whiskers disconnects the corresponding sensory neurons in the cortex from their neighboring neurons that represent intact whiskers. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cofilin Promotes Actin Polymerization and Defines the Direction of Cell Motility

Mousumi Ghosh, Xiaoyan Song, Ghassan Mouneimne, Mazen Sidani, David S. Lawrence, and John S. Condeelis
Science 30 April 2004: 743-746.
The activation of a protein thought to depolymerize actin instead polymerizes it in intact cells, setting the direction of their movement. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "Metapopulation Persistence with Age-Dependent Disturbance or Succession"

Jonathan Dushoff
Science 30 April 2004: 684.
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 Response to Comment on "Metapopulation Persistence with Age-Dependent Disturbance or Succession"

Alan Hastings
Science 30 April 2004: 684.
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