This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 19 September 2003: 1625.
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Editorial:
Global Health and University Patents

Amy Kapczynski, E. Tyler Crone, and Michael Merson
Science 19 September 2003: 1629.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 19 September 2003: 1631.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 19 September 2003: 1641.
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 NEW PRODUCTS

Science 19 September 2003: 1741-1745.

News of the Week

INFECTIOUS DISEASES: Early Indications Point to Lab Infection in New SARS Case

Dennis Normile and Gretchen Vogel
Science 19 September 2003: 1642-1643.
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NEUROSCIENCE:
Mapping the Brain's Genes: A Microsoft Dividend

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 19 September 2003: 1642.
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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: U.S. Court Opens Door to Free Trade in Ideas

David Malakoff
Science 19 September 2003: 1643.
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AMAZON ARCHAEOLOGY: 'Pristine' Forest Teemed With People

Erik Stokstad
Science 19 September 2003: 1645-1646.
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SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES:
IEEE Under Fire for Withdrawing Iranian Members' Benefits

Owen Gaffney
Science 19 September 2003: 1646.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE:
The Small Ones Can Kill You, Too

Richard A. Kerr
Science 19 September 2003: 1647.
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WORLD TRADE CENTER:
Chemical Studies of 9/11 Disaster Tell Complex Tale of 'Bad Stuff'

Robert F. Service
Science 19 September 2003: 1649.
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ScienceScope

Science 19 September 2003: 1645.
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Random Samples

Science 19 September 2003: 1665.
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News Focus

NEWS FOCUS SPECIAL REPORT:
The Next Frontier for HIV/AIDS: Myanmar

Jon Cohen
Science 19 September 2003: 1650-1655.
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NEWS FOCUS SPECIAL REPORT:
The Politics of Prevalence

Jon Cohen
Science 19 September 2003: 1652-1653.
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NEWS FOCUS SPECIAL REPORT:
Myanmar: The Collaboration That Almost Was

Jon Cohen
Science 19 September 2003: 1654.
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NEWS FOCUS SPECIAL REPORT:
HIV and Heroin: A Deadly International Affair: Vietnam

Jon Cohen
Science 19 September 2003: 1657-1658.
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ASIA--THE NEXT FRONTIER FOR HIV/AIDS:
Two Hard-Hit Countries Offer Rare Success Stories: Thailand & Cambodia

Jon Cohen
Science 19 September 2003: 1658-1662.
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NEWS FOCUS SPECIAL REPORT:
Can a Drug Provide Some Protection?

Jon Cohen
Science 19 September 2003: 1660-1661.
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NEWS FOCUS SPECIAL REPORT:
Thailand's Do-It-Yourself Therapy

Jon Cohen
Science 19 September 2003: 1662.
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NEWS FOCUS SPECIAL REPORT:
Thailand Beats the Odds in Completing Vaccine Test

Jon Cohen
Science 19 September 2003: 1663.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 19 September 2003: 1669.
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 International Polar Year 2007-08

Paul Arthur Berkman
Science 19 September 2003: 1669.
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 Ephedra-Free Is Not Danger-Free

Donald M. Marcus, Arthur P. Grollman;, and Sidney M. Wolfe
Science 19 September 2003: 1669-1671.
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 Keeping Out Unwanted Fish

Jan Jeffrey Hoover
Science 19 September 2003: 1671.
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 More Thoughts on the Khipu Code

Gordon M. Harrington
Science 19 September 2003: 1671.
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Books et al.

GEOSCIENCE:
Insightful Storytelling on Geodynamics

David J. Stevenson
Science 19 September 2003: 1674.
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TECHNOLOGY:
Dreams That Stuff Is Made Of

Spider Robinson
Science 19 September 2003: 1675.
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 Books Received

Science 19 September 2003: 1675.

Policy Forum

MEDICINE:
Stroke--tPA and the Clinic

John R. Marler and Larry B. Goldstein
Science 19 September 2003: 1677.
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Perspectives

EVOLUTION:
Enhanced: A Rodent as Big as a Buffalo

R. McNeill Alexander
Science 19 September 2003: 1678-1679.
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AGING:
It's Never Too Late

James W. Vaupel, James R. Carey, and Kaare Christensen
Science 19 September 2003: 1679-1681.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE:
Polymers Go with the Flow

G. Marrucci
Science 19 September 2003: 1681-1682.
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NEUROSCIENCE:
From Molecules to Memory in the Cerebellum

David J. Linden
Science 19 September 2003: 1682-1685.
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PHYSICS/COMPUTER SCIENCE:
Passing Messages Between Disciplines

Marc Mézard
Science 19 September 2003: 1685-1686.
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Brevia

 A Devonian Trilobite with an Eyeshade

Richard Fortey and Brian Chatterton
Science 19 September 2003: 1689.
A trilobite that lived about 380 million years ago had remarkable multilensed eyes that towered above its head, with a shade at the top. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Research Article

Neutron-Mapping Polymer Flow: Scattering, Flow Visualization, and Molecular Theory

J. Bent, L. R. Hutchings, R. W. Richards, T. Gough, R. Spares, P. D. Coates, I. Grillo, O. G. Harlen, D. J. Read, R. S. Graham, A. E. Likhtman, D. J. Groves, T. M. Nicholson, and T. C. B. McLeish
Science 19 September 2003: 1691-1695.
Observations of individual polymer chains in a flowing system allow their behavior to be related to that of the entangled bulk polymer, confirming recent theory and potentially improving industrial processing. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

A Dearth of Dark Matter in Ordinary Elliptical Galaxies

Aaron J. Romanowsky, Nigel G. Douglas, Magda Arnaboldi, Konrad Kuijken, Michael R. Merrifield, Nicola R. Napolitano, Massimo Capaccioli, and Kenneth C. Freeman
Science 19 September 2003: 1696-1698.
Published online 28 August 2003 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1087441] (in Science Express Reports)
The motion of planetary nebulas surrounding three ordinary elliptical galaxies implies that some of these galaxies lack dark matter halos, contrary to the theory that galaxies form from dark matter. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ultrafast Hydrogen-Bond Dynamics in the Infrared Spectroscopy of Water

C. J. Fecko, J. D. Eaves, J. J. Loparo, A. Tokmakoff, and P. L. Geissler
Science 19 September 2003: 1698-1702.
Very fast excitation pulses reveal the rapid vibrations of the hydrogen bonds between water molecules, including a fast local exchange within about 60 femtoseconds. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Generation of Megawatt Optical Solitons in Hollow-Core Photonic Band-Gap Fibers

Dimitre G. Ouzounov, Faisal R. Ahmad, Dirk Müller, Natesan Venkataraman, Michael T. Gallagher, Malcolm G. Thomas, John Silcox, Karl W. Koch, and Alexander L. Gaeta
Science 19 September 2003: 1702-1704.
Optical fibers made from photonic crystals can propagate high-power light pulses without any shift in their frequency. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Soliton Self-Frequency Shift Cancellation in Photonic Crystal Fibers

D. V. Skryabin, F. Luan, J. C. Knight, and P. St. J. Russell
Science 19 September 2003: 1705-1708.
Optical fibers made from photonic crystals can propagate high-power light pulses without any shift in their frequency. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Anatomy of the World's Largest Extinct Rodent

Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra, Orangel Aguilera, and Inés Horovitz
Science 19 September 2003: 1708-1710.
The nearly complete skeleton of a 700-kilogram fossil rodent allows anatomical studies on the largest extinct member of that group. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Amazonia 1492: Pristine Forest or Cultural Parkland?

Michael J. Heckenberger, Afukaka Kuikuro, Urissapá Tabata Kuikuro, J. Christian Russell, Morgan Schmidt, Carlos Fausto, and Bruna Franchetto
Science 19 September 2003: 1710-1714.
Humans in dozens of large population centers in pre-Columbian central Brazil greatly modified the surrounding rainforest. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Resurrecting the Ancestral Steroid Receptor: Ancient Origin of Estrogen Signaling

Joseph W. Thornton, Eleanor Need, and David Crews
Science 19 September 2003: 1714-1717.
Reconstruction of the ancestral steroid hormone receptor gene reveals that it arose before the origin of bilaterally symmetric animals. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Island Biology and Ecosystem Functioning in Epiphytic Soil Communities

David A. Wardle, Gregor W. Yeates, Gary M. Barker, Peter J. Bellingham, Karen I. Bonner, and Wendy M. Williamson
Science 19 September 2003: 1717-1720.
In the rainforest canopy, treetop "islands" comprising soil, plants, animals, and microorganisms vary in species composition depending on their size, distance from the forest edge, and tree species. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Bidirectional Transmembrane Signaling by Cytoplasmic Domain Separation in Integrins

Minsoo Kim, Christopher V. Carman, and Timothy A. Springer
Science 19 September 2003: 1720-1725.
Integrin, a membrane-spanning receptor that controls processes such as wound healing, transmits signals between the inside and outside of cells by coupled conformation changes at its two ends. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Zinc Clasp Structure Tethers Lck to T Cell Coreceptors CD4 and CD8

Peter W. Kim, Zhen-Yu J. Sun, Stephen C. Blacklow, Gerhard Wagner, and Michael J. Eck
Science 19 September 2003: 1725-1728.
Immune T cells clasp a signaling molecule that controls their development and activation with zinc-containing receptors. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Seven-Transmembrane RGS Protein That Modulates Plant Cell Proliferation

Jin-Gui Chen, Francis S. Willard, Jirong Huang, Jiansheng Liang, Scott A. Chasse, Alan M. Jones, and David P. Siderovski
Science 19 September 2003: 1728-1731.
A protein identified in plants regulates cell growth by damping signals generated at the cell surface, showing the combined characteristics of a common animal cell surface protein and its receptor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Demography of Dietary Restriction and Death in Drosophila

William Mair, Patrick Goymer, Scott D. Pletcher, and Linda Partridge
Science 19 September 2003: 1731-1733.
In fruit flies, a low-calorie diet prolongs life, whether started early or late in adulthood, indicating that dietary restriction alters the short-term risk of death rather than inhibiting long-term damage accumulation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Erythrocyte G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling in Malarial Infection

Travis Harrison, Benjamin U. Samuel, Thomas Akompong, Heidi Hamm, Narla Mohandas, Jon W. Lomasney, and Kasturi Haldar
Science 19 September 2003: 1734-1736.
Activating cell surface receptors for adrenaline in mouse red blood cells enhances, and blocking them inhibits, invasion by the malaria parasite. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cerebellar LTD and Learning-Dependent Timing of Conditioned Eyelid Responses

S. K. E. Koekkoek, H. C. Hulscher, B. R. Dortland, R. A. Hensbroek, Y. Elgersma, T. J. H. Ruigrok, and C. I. De Zeeuw
Science 19 September 2003: 1736-1739.
A learned time lag between stimulus and response is controlled by depressed activity at certain cerebellar synapses. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "Efficient Photochemical Water Splitting by a Chemically Modified n-TiO₂" (I)

Akira Fujishima
Science 19 September 2003: 1673.
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 Comment on "Efficient Photochemical Water Splitting by a Chemically Modified n-TiO₂" (II)

Carl Hägglund, Michael Grätzel, and Bengt Kasemo
Science 19 September 2003: 1673.
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 Comment on "Efficient Photochemical Water Splitting by a Chemically Modified n-TiO₂" (III)

Klaus S. Lackner
Science 19 September 2003: 1673.
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 Response to Comments on "Efficient Photochemical Water Splitting by a Chemically Modified n-TiO₂"

Shahed U. M. Khan, Mofareh Al-Shahry, and William B. Ingler, Jr.
Science 19 September 2003: 1673.
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