By creating a "virtual endocast" of this 2.8- to 2.6-million-year-old early hominid cranium from Sterkfontein, South Africa, researchers have determined the endocranial capacity (red) to be ~515 cubic centimeters. This is the largest endocranial capacity known for any early hominid dated to such antiquity, but it is less than earlier reports and suggests that endocranial estimates for other early hominids may need reevaluation. See p. 1730 and the Commentary on p. 1714. [Images: Courtesy of Gerhard Weber, Institute of Human Biology, University of Vienna]

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