Breakthrough of the Year

Editorial

Editorial:
Breakthroughs of the Year, 1996

Floyd E. Bloom
Science 20 December 1996: 1987-0.
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News

 AIDS Research: New Hope in HIV Disease

Michael Balter
Science 20 December 1996: 1988-0.
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 Runner Up: Original mysteries

The News and Editorial Staffs
Science 20 December 1996: 1988-0.
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 Runner Up: Prions hit the press

The News and Editorial Staffs
Science 20 December 1996: 1988-0.
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 Runner Up: Cyber crush

The News and Editorial Staffs
Science 20 December 1996: 1988-0.
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 Runner Up: Lasers in the limelight

The News and Editorial Staffs
Science 20 December 1996: 1988-0.
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 Runner Up: T-cell tales

The News and Editorial Staffs
Science 20 December 1996: 1988-0.
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 Runner Up: Earthly revolutions

The News and Editorial Staffs
Science 20 December 1996: 1988-0.
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 Runner Up: Yeast on the rise

The News and Editorial Staffs
Science 20 December 1996: 1988-0.
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 Runner Up: Early orientation

The News and Editorial Staffs
Science 20 December 1996: 1988-0.
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 Runner Up: Divining the death wish

The News and Editorial Staffs
Science 20 December 1996: 1988-0.
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 Research Trends: Scanning the Research Horizon

null The News and Editorial Staffs
Science 20 December 1996: 1989-0.
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 Research Funding: Haves and Have-Nots

null The News and Editorial Staffs
Science 20 December 1996: 1990-0.
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 Research Trends: Scorecard '96

null The News and Editorial Staffs
Science 20 December 1996: 1991-0.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 20 December 1996: 1983.
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 Book Reviews| Dictionnaire du Darwinisme et de l'Evolution, reviewed by E. Mayr * Celestial Encounters, R. L. Devaney * Browsings * Books Reviewed in Science

Science 20 December 1996: 2032-2035.

 AAAS News & Notes

Science 20 December 1996: 2127.

 Products & Materials|

Science 20 December 1996: 2128-2129.

 Quarterly Index|

Science 20 December 1996: 2130-2141.

News and Comment

National Science Foundation: Smiles and Status Quo at NSF

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 20 December 1996: 2000-2002.
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National Science Foundation: New Ideas Go With the Flow

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 20 December 1996: 2001-0.
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U.S.-Russia Collaboration: Travel Grants to Boost Sagging Labs

Richard Stone
Science 20 December 1996: 2002-0.
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Space Science: Origins Researchers Win Gore's Ear, Not Pocketbook

Andrew Lawler
Science 20 December 1996: 2003-0.
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Clinical Trials: Fraud and Ethics Charges Hit Stroke Drug Trial

Martin Enserink
Science 20 December 1996: 2004-2005.
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AIDS Policy: Baltimore to Head New Vaccine Panel

Jon Cohen
Science 20 December 1996: 2005-0.
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ScienceScope

Science 20 December 1996: 1999.
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Random Samples

Science 20 December 1996: 2017.
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Research News

Astronomy: Mining the Deep Field

Gretchen Vogel
Science 20 December 1996: 2006-2007.
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Gamma-Ray Astronomy: Repeated Bursts Puzzle Astronomers

Andrew Watson
Science 20 December 1996: 2007-0.
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Cell Biology: Connexins and Disease

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 20 December 1996: 2008-0.
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Cell Biology: Gene Linked to Down Syndrome Retardation

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 20 December 1996: 2008-2009.
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Chemical Synthesis: Tumor-Killer Made; How Does It Work?

Robert F. Service
Science 20 December 1996: 2009-0.
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Neurobiology: Ironing Out the Wrinkles in the Prion Strain Problem

Denise Grady
Science 20 December 1996: 2010-0.
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Developmental Biology: Fly Gene Discovery Gets at Root of Branching Structures

Wade Roush
Science 20 December 1996: 2011-0.
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Materials Science: On Ice's Surface, a Dance of Molecules

Charles Seife
Science 20 December 1996: 2012-0.
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Pacific Archaeology: Rock Chemistry Traces Ancient Traders

Robert F. Service
Science 20 December 1996: 2012-2013.
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Chemistry: Supercritical Solvent Comes Into Its Own

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 20 December 1996: 2013-0.
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Mathematics: Prime Formula Weds Number Theory and Quantum Physics

Barry Cipra
Science 20 December 1996: 2014-2015.
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Planetary Science: Does Europa's Ice Hide an Ocean?

Richard A. Kerr
Science 20 December 1996: 2015-0.
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Letters

 This Week's Letters

Science 20 December 1996: 1993-1997.
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 Linnaean Categories

Alessandro Minelli
Science 20 December 1996: 1993-1997.
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 Debating Creationists

Eugenie C. Scott
Science 20 December 1996: 1993-1997.
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 Bollgard Cotton Performance

Robert T. Fraley
Science 20 December 1996: 1993-1997.
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 Japanese Science

Izumi Hironari
Science 20 December 1996: 1993-1997.
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 Meeting Standards

Thomas Borelli and Allen Kassman
Science 20 December 1996: 1993-1997.
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 Dating the Origin of Animals

Kenneth J. McNamara
Science 20 December 1996: 1993-1997.
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 Airborne Particle Analysis

Bernhard Spengler, Klaus-Peter Hinz, Raimund Kaufmann;, Thomas Peter, and Daniel M. Murphy
Science 20 December 1996: 1993-1997.
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Books et al.

 Darwinism from France: Dictionnaire du Darwinisme et de l'Evolution.

Ernst Mayr
Science 20 December 1996: 2032.
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 Mathematical Discoveries: Celestial Encounters.

Robert L. Devaney
Science 20 December 1996: 2032-2033.
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Policy Forum

Global Climate and Infectious Disease: The Cholera Paradigm^*

Rita R. Colwell
Science 20 December 1996: 2025-2031.
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Perspectives

Capturing the Dynamic Behavior of Adsorbed Polymers

Anna C. Balazs
Science 20 December 1996: 2036-2037.
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Complexities in the Treatment of Autoimmune Disease

Henry F. McFarland
Science 20 December 1996: 2037-2038.
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A Ligand-Receptor Mechanism in Plant-Pathogen Recognition

Chris Lamb
Science 20 December 1996: 2038-2039.
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Biologists Put on Mathematical Glasses

Torbjörn Fagerström, Peter Jagers, Peter Schuster, and Eörs Szathmary
Science 20 December 1996: 2039-2040.
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Reports

Probing Collective Motions of Terminally Anchored Polymers

George Fytas, Spiros H. Anastasiadis, Rachid Seghrouchni, Dimitris Vlassopoulos, Junbai Li, Bradford J. Factor, Wolfgang Theobald, and Chris Toprakcioglu
Science 20 December 1996: 2041-2044.
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Copper-Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones: An Efficient, Aerobic Alternative

István E. Markó, Paul R. Giles, Masao Tsukazaki, Stephen M. Brown, and Chistopher J. Urch
Science 20 December 1996: 2044-2046.
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Formation of Chiral Interdigitated Multilayers at the Air-Liquid Interface Through Acid-Base Interactions

Ivan Kuzmenko, Ronith Buller, Wim G. Bouwman, Kristian Kjær, Jens Als-Nielsen, Meir Lahav, and Leslie Leiserowitz
Science 20 December 1996: 2046-2049.
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Design of Nonionic Surfactants for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

J. B. McClain, D. E. Betts, D. A. Canelas, E. T. Samulski, J. M. DeSimone, J. D. Londono, H. D. Cochran, G. D. Wignall, D. Chillura-Martino, and R. Triolo
Science 20 December 1996: 2049-2052.
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Grain Growth Rates of MgSiO₃ Perovskite and Periclase Under Lower Mantle Conditions

Daisuke Yamazaki, Takumi Kato, Eiji Ohtani, and Mitsuhiro Toriumi
Science 20 December 1996: 2052-2054.
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Late Complications of Immune Deviation Therapy in a Nonhuman Primate

Claude P. Genain, Kristina Abel, Nicole Belmar, François Villinger, Daniel P. Rosenberg, Christopher Linington, Cedric S. Raine, and Stephen L. Hauser
Science 20 December 1996: 2054-2057.
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Loss of Heterozygosity in Normal Tissue Adjacent to Breast Carcinomas

Guoren Deng, You Lu, Galina Zlotnikov, Ann D. Thor, and Helene S. Smith
Science 20 December 1996: 2057-2059.
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Initiation of Plant Disease Resistance by Physical Interaction of AvrPto and Pto Kinase

Xiaoyan Tang, Reid D. Frederick, Jianmin Zhou, Dennis A. Halterman, Yulin Jia, and Gregory B. Martin
Science 20 December 1996: 2060-2063.
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Molecular Basis of Gene-for-Gene Specificity in Bacterial Speck Disease of Tomato

Steven R. Scofield, Christian M. Tobias, John P. Rathjen, Jeff H. Chang, Daniel T. Lavelle, Richard W. Michelmore, and Brian J. Staskawicz
Science 20 December 1996: 2063-2065.
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Capturing the Structure of a Catalytic RNA Intermediate: The Hammerhead Ribozyme

William G. Scott, James B. Murray, John R. P. Arnold, Barry L. Stoddard, and Aaron Klug
Science 20 December 1996: 2065-2069.
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Functional Analysis of the Genes of Yeast Chromosome V by Genetic Footprinting

Victoria Smith, Karen N. Chou, Deval Lashkari, David Botstein, and Patrick O. Brown
Science 20 December 1996: 2069-2074.
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Requirement for a Noncoding RNA in Drosophila Polar Granules for Germ Cell Establishment

Akira Nakamura, Reiko Amikura, Masanori Mukai, Satoru Kobayashi, and Paul F. Lasko
Science 20 December 1996: 2075-2079.
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Evidence for the Conformation of the Pathologic Isoform of the Prion Protein Enciphering and Propagating Prion Diversity

Glenn C. Telling, Piero Parchi, Stephen J. DeArmond, Pietro Cortelli, Pasquale Montagna, Ruth Gabizon, James Mastrianni, Elio Lugaresi, Pierluigi Gambetti, and Stanley B. Prusiner
Science 20 December 1996: 2079-2082.
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Intestinal Secretory Defects and Dwarfism in Mice Lacking cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase II

Alexander Pfeifer, Attila Aszódi, Ursula Seidler, Peter Ruth, Franz Hofmann, and Reinhard Fässler
Science 20 December 1996: 2082-2086.
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Control of EGF Receptor Signaling by Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis

Amandio V. Vieira, Christophe Lamaze, and Sandra L. Schmid
Science 20 December 1996: 2086-2089.
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Association of Src Tyrosine Kinase with a Human Potassium Channel Mediated by SH3 Domain

Todd C. Holmes, Debra A. Fadool, Ruibao Ren, and Irwin B. Levitan
Science 20 December 1996: 2089-2091.
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Reexpression of RAG-1 and RAG-2 Genes in Activated Mature Mouse B cells

Masaki Hikida, Masaharu Mori, Toshiyuki Takai, Ken-ichi Tomochika, Kiyohiro Hamatani, and Hitoshi Ohmori
Science 20 December 1996: 2092-2094.
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Neoteny in Lymphocytes: Rag1 and Rag2 Expression in Germinal Center B Cells

Shuhua Han, Biao Zheng, David G. Schatz, Eugenia Spanopoulou, and Garnett Kelsoe
Science 20 December 1996: 2094-2097.
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Enhancement of Class II-Restricted T Cell Responses by Costimulatory NK Receptors for Class I MHC Proteins

Ofer Mandelboim, Daniel M. Davis, Hugh T. Reyburn, Mar Valés-Gómez, Eric G. Sheu, Laszlo Pazmany, and Jack L. Strominger
Science 20 December 1996: 2097-2100.
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Inhibition of Adipogenesis Through MAP Kinase-Mediated Phosphorylation of PPAR

Erding Hu, Jae Bum Kim, Pasha Sarraf, Bruce M., and Spiegelman
Science 20 December 1996: 2100-2103.
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Associative Learning Disrupted by Impaired G_s Signaling in Drosophila Mushroom Bodies

John B. Connolly, Ian J. H. Roberts, J. Douglas Armstrong, Kim Kaiser, Michael Forte, Tim Tully, and Cahir J. O'Kane
Science 20 December 1996: 2104-2107.
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A Mechanism of Drug Action Revealed by Structural Studies of Enoyl Reductase

Clair Baldock, John B. Rafferty, Svetlana E. Sedelnikova, Patrick J. Baker, Antoine R. Stuitje, Antoni R. Slabas, Timothy R. Hawkes, and David W. Rice
Science 20 December 1996: 2107-2110.
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Orientation Maps of Subjective Contours in Visual Cortex

Bhavin R. Sheth, Jitendra Sharma, S. Chenchal Rao, and Mriganka Sur
Science 20 December 1996: 2110-2115.
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Requirement of CDC42 for Salmonella-Induced Cytoskeletal and Nuclear Responses

Li-Mei Chen, Silke Hobbie, and Jorge E. Galán
Science 20 December 1996: 2115-2118.
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Technical Comments

Consequences of Retinal Color Coding for Cortical Color Decoding

V. A. Billock;, D. M. Dacey, and R. H. Masland
Science 20 December 1996: 2118-2119.
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Evaluating the Evidence for Past Life on Mars

E. Anders;, C. K. Shearer, J. J. Papike;, J. F. Bell;, S. J. Clemett, R. N. Zare;, D. S. McKay, K. L. Thomas-Keprta, C. S. Romanek, E. K. , Jr., H. Vali;, E. K. Gibson, Jr., D. S. McKay, K. Thomas-Keprta, and C. S. Romanek
Science 20 December 1996: 2119-2125.
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