Larval aggregation of the sawfly Neodiprion rugifrons on its host, Pinus banksiana. The mature larvae are displaying one of the alarm reactions that reduce attacks by parasites and predators: a raising of the anterior and posterior segments from the needle surface, at the same time exuding orally a drop of gummy fluid. Mature larvae are about 20 millimeters long. See page 1090. [G. Knerer, University of Toronto]

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