This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 19 March 2010: 1425.
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Editorial:
Science-Based Health Care

Chen Zhu
Science 19 March 2010: 1429.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 19 March 2010: 1430.
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Science Podcast

Science 19 March 2010: 1527.
The show includes the biology behind learning deficits at puberty, a 3D invisibility cloak, and the Nile delta's sinking future. Summary »|   Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

New Products

Science 19 March 2010: 1527.
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

News of the Week

Fusion
Budget Red Tape in Europe Brings New Delay to ITER

Daniel Clery
Science 19 March 2010: 1434.
The projected start of the ITER fusion reactor in France looks set to slip by another 10 months. The new completion date is now November 2019. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Anthrax Investigation
Silicon Mystery Endures in Solved Anthrax Case

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 19 March 2010: 1435.
Scientists say there is clear evidence that the high levels of silicon found in the anthrax used in the 2001 letter attacks came not from anything added to "weaponize" the anthrax spores but from the culture in which the spores were grown. So why did the mailed anthrax have such a high proportion of spores with a silicon signature in comparison to most other anthrax samples? Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Psychiatry
Beyond DSM: Seeking a Brain-Based Classification of Mental Illness

Greg Miller
Science 19 March 2010: 1437.
Harnessing knowledge gained from modern research in neuroscience and genetics to improve the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders was a major impetus for undertaking a revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

National Science Foundation
Budget Shortfall Could Derail Plans for Underground Lab

Adrian Cho and Lauren Schenkman
Science 19 March 2010: 1438-1439.
A tight budget and unanticipated safety problems are threatening to kill plans to convert an abandoned gold mine in South Dakota into a $750 million deep underground science and engineering laboratory. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

U.S. Science Policy
MIT Engineering Dean Tapped to Head NSF

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 19 March 2010: 1438-1439.
The dean of engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Subra Suresh, is in line to become the next director of the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), Science has learned. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

India
Hardy Cotton-Munching Pests Are Latest Blow to GM Crops

Pallava Bagla
Science 19 March 2010: 1439.
Monsanto has revealed that a common insect pest has developed resistance to its flagship genetically modified (GM) product in India. Monsanto claims that the finding "is the first case of field-relevant resistance to Cry1Ac products, anywhere in the world." Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

2010 Budget
China Amasses War Chest to Confront Its Environmental Nightmares

Hao Xin and Richard Stone
Science 19 March 2010: 1440-1441.
In a nod to rising public expectations, China's government work plan for 2010, rolled out last week at the country's two major annual political powwows, puts the environment front and center. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

2010 Budget
Fresh Momentum for China's Science Juggernaut

Richard Stone
Science 19 March 2010: 1440-1441.
Science won high praise and a hefty budget boost at last week's meetings of the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Central government spending on science and technology is slated to rise 8% to $24 billion in 2010. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceNOW.org
From Science's Online Daily News Site

Science 19 March 2010: 1441.
ScienceNOW reported this week that psychopaths may be hypersensitive to rewards, which may create a pathological drive for money, sex, and status; a proposed carbon-capture method could poison oceans; a way to finger criminals from their skin bacteria; and the successful identification of the memory a person is recalling by analyzing their brain activity; among other stories. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Research Funding
Polish Science Reforms Bring Fear and Hope

Elisabeth Pain
Science 19 March 2010: 1442.
The Polish Parliament this month began voting on legislation creating a new national agency charged with distributing competitive grants for frontier research. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Evolution
Male Rivalry Extends to Sperm in Female Reproductive Tract

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 19 March 2010: 1443.
Two papers published by Science this week, one on work in ants and bees and the other on work in fruit flies, demonstrate that sperm competition between males continues even after the sperm enters the female. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceInsider
From the Science Policy Blog

Science 19 March 2010: 1443.
ScienceInsider reported this week that congressional supporters of stem cell research have introduced legislation to codify President Barack Obama's 2009 executive order, which lifted restrictions on the number of human embryonic stem cell lines available to federally funded researchers, among other stories. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Random Samples

Science 19 March 2010: 1433.
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News Focus

Climate Change
The Nile Delta's Sinking Future

John Bohannon
Science 19 March 2010: 1444-1447.
Climate change and damming the Nile are threatening Egypt's agricultural oasis. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
Lucky Glimpses of a Weirdly Wetter Moon

Richard A. Kerr
Science 19 March 2010: 1448.
At the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, scientists flying a ground-penetrating radar on India's Chandrayaan-1 lunar orbiter reported a distinctive radar signature from the interiors but not the surroundings of more than 40 small craters in the north polar region, suggesting ice. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
Coaxing Out Another Taste of the Sun

Richard A. Kerr
Science 19 March 2010: 1448-1449.
At the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, team members of the Genesis mission, which returned atomic bits of the sun and thus samples of the solar system's primordial material, confirmed their measurement of the isotopic composition of the solar wind's oxygen and reported an isotopic composition for solar-wind nitrogen. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
Spirit Is Willing, Though Weak

Richard A. Kerr
Science 19 March 2010: 1449.
At the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, there was talk of resurrecting the Spirit rover, which has been stuck since January, or at least a realistic prospect of a return to limited mobility. NASA missions are indeed hard to kill. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
Snapshots From the Meeting

Richard A. Kerr
Science 19 March 2010: 1449.
Snapshots from the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference include the discovery of its first candidate bits of mineral born around distant stars and considerable progress in making sense of the odd shape of the moon. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

 Unlocking the Door to Better Cybersecurity

Angus K. Y. Wong
Science 19 March 2010: 1451.
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 Unlocking the Door to Better Cybersecurity—Response

William A. Wulf and Anita K. Jones
Science 19 March 2010: 1451.
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 Chilean Scientists Rally After Quake

Guillaume Duménil
Science 19 March 2010: 1451-1452.
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 Salmon Swimming Against Multiple Threats

Bruce Wright
Science 19 March 2010: 1452.
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 Planning for Biodiversity in Future Climates

Luke P. Shoo
Science 19 March 2010: 1452.
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 Planning for Biodiversity in Future Climates—Response

Oscar Venter, William F. Laurance, Takuya Iwamura, Kerrie A. Wilson, Richard A. Fuller, and Hugh P. Possingham
Science 19 March 2010: 1453.
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 Is the Message from Athens Being Heard?

Ronny Merken, Faidra Bazigou, and Nico Koedam
Science 19 March 2010: 1453-1454.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 19 March 2010: 1454.
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Books et al.

Science Practice
Sailing on an Ocean of 0s and 1s

James P. Collins
Science 19 March 2010: 1455-1456.
This set of essays from researchers and computer scientists describes the prospects and possibilities of data-intensive science. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Computers and Society
Programming to Forget

William Dutton
Science 19 March 2010: 1456.
Mayer-Schönberger explores a range of concerns arising from the fact that information technology makes us less able to forget our pasts. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 19 March 2010: 1456.
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 12 March 2010. Summary »|  

Policy Forum

Ecology
China, India, and the Environment

Kamaljit S. Bawa, Lian Pin Koh, Tien Ming Lee, Jianguo Liu, P. S. Ramakrishnan, Douglas W. Yu, Ya-ping Zhang, and Peter H. Raven
Science 19 March 2010: 1457-1459.
Cooperation between China and India can curtail biodiversity loss, mitigate climate change, and reduce deforestation. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

Chemistry
Setting the Trap for Reactive Resonances

Stuart C. Althorpe
Science 19 March 2010: 1460-1461.
A combined quantum mechanical calculation and molecular beam study has succeeded in detecting elusive metastable quantum states. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Plant Science
Phenology Under Global Warming

Christian Körner and David Basler
Science 19 March 2010: 1461-1462.
In most temperate tree species, phenological events such as flowering and autumnal cessation of growth are not primarily controlled by temperature. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Applied Physics
Controlling Turbulence

Beverley J. McKeon
Science 19 March 2010: 1462-1463.
Injecting a fluid jet into a pipe at an optimized location can control the development of turbulent flow. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Neuroscience
AMPA Receptors—Another Twist?

Mark Farrant and Stuart G. Cull-Candy
Science 19 March 2010: 1463-1465.
A protein expressed in brain controls the plasticity of synaptic transmission by regulating the properties of a neurotransmitter receptor. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Physics
Toward Organic All-Optical Switching

Saif A. Haque and Jenny Nelson
Science 19 March 2010: 1466-1467.
A sophisticated molecular design method yields an organic material for possible application in high-speed, all-optical communication. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Behavior
Fairness in Modern Society

Karla Hoff
Science 19 March 2010: 1467-1468.
What features of a society motivate individuals to behave fairly? Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Materials Science
Expanding the Repertoire of Shape Memory Alloys

Ji Ma and Ibrahim Karaman
Science 19 March 2010: 1468-1469.
An iron alloy may open up new applications for strong materials that are also capable of large reversible shape changes. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Reviews

An Evolving View of Saturn’s Dynamic Rings

J. N. Cuzzi, J. A. Burns, S. Charnoz, R. N. Clark, J. E. Colwell, L. Dones, L. W. Esposito, G. Filacchione, R. G. French, M. M. Hedman, S. Kempf, E. A. Marouf, C. D. Murray, P. D. Nicholson, C. C. Porco, J. Schmidt, M. R. Showalter, L. J. Spilker, J. N. Spitale, R. Srama, M. Sremcevic, M. S. Tiscareno, and J. Weiss
Science 19 March 2010: 1470-1475.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Saturn: Atmosphere, Ionosphere, and Magnetosphere

Tamas I. Gombosi and Andrew P. Ingersoll
Science 19 March 2010: 1476-1479.
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Research Article

Markets, Religion, Community Size, and the Evolution of Fairness and Punishment

Joseph Henrich, Jean Ensminger, Richard McElreath, Abigail Barr, Clark Barrett, Alexander Bolyanatz, Juan Camilo Cardenas, Michael Gurven, Edwins Gwako, Natalie Henrich, Carolyn Lesorogol, Frank Marlowe, David Tracer, and John Ziker
Science 19 March 2010: 1480-1484.
The origins of modern social norms and behaviors may be found in the evolution of institutions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Design of Polymethine Dyes with Large Third-Order Optical Nonlinearities and Loss Figures of Merit

Joel M. Hales, Jonathan Matichak, Stephen Barlow, Shino Ohira, Kada Yesudas, Jean-Luc Brédas, Joseph W. Perry, and Seth R. Marder
Science 19 March 2010: 1485-1488.
Published online 18 February 2010 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1185117] (in Science Express Reports)
Nonlinear optical materials are designed and characterized for potential applications in all-optical switching. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ferrous Polycrystalline Shape-Memory Alloy Showing Huge Superelasticity

Y. Tanaka, Y. Himuro, R. Kainuma, Y. Sutou, T. Omori, and K. Ishida
Science 19 March 2010: 1488-1490.
A shape-memory alloy has been prepared with high mechanical energy absorption capability and reversible magnetization change. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Eliminating Turbulence in Spatially Intermittent Flows

Björn Hof, Alberto de Lozar, Marc Avila, Xiaoyun Tu, and Tobias M. Schneider
Science 19 March 2010: 1491-1494.
Injection of jets of water is used to control the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in pipes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Microcavity Laser Oscillating in a Circuit-Based Resonator

Christoph Walther, Giacomo Scalari, Maria Ines Amanti, Mattias Beck, and Jérôme Faist
Science 19 March 2010: 1495-1497.
An ultrasmall laser is fabricated from conventional electronic components combined with an amplifying medium. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Climatic Signature of Incised River Meanders

Colin P. Stark, Jonathan R. Barbour, Yuichi S. Hayakawa, Tsuyoshi Hattanji, Niels Hovius, Hongey Chen, Ching-Weei Lin, Ming-Jame Horng, Kai-Qin Xu, and Yukitoshi Fukahata
Science 19 March 2010: 1497-1501.
Typhoon frequency and bedrock strength influence river meandering in mountain environments. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Transition-State Spectroscopy of Partial Wave Resonances in the F + HD Reaction

Wenrui Dong, Chunlei Xiao, Tao Wang, Dongxu Dai, Xueming Yang, and Dong H. Zhang
Science 19 March 2010: 1501-1502.
Spectroscopy can distinguish the reaction paths in a collision between an atom and a diatomic system. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mechanosensitive Self-Replication Driven by Self-Organization

Jacqui M. A. Carnall, Christopher A. Waudby, Ana M. Belenguer, Marc C. A. Stuart, Jérôme J.-P. Peyralans, and Sijbren Otto
Science 19 March 2010: 1502-1506.
The type of mechanical agitation applied to a solution influences which of two molecular products dominate. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Seminal Fluid Mediates Ejaculate Competition in Social Insects

Susanne P. A. den Boer, Boris Baer, and Jacobus J. Boomsma
Science 19 March 2010: 1506-1509.
Substances produced by rival male social insects destroy sperm, and females produce compounds to counteract sperm loss. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Patterns of Diversity in Marine Phytoplankton

Andrew D. Barton, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Glenn Flierl, Jason Bragg, and Michael J. Follows
Science 19 March 2010: 1509-1511.
Published online 25 February 2010 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1184961] (in Science Express Reports)
Highest diversity occurs in physically dynamic mid-latitude zones, and lowest diversity and highest biomass occur toward the poles. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Unicellular Cyanobacterial Distributions Broaden the Oceanic N₂ Fixation Domain

Pia H. Moisander, Roxanne A. Beinart, Ian Hewson, Angelicque E. White, Kenneth S. Johnson, Craig A. Carlson, Joseph P. Montoya, and Jonathan P. Zehr
Science 19 March 2010: 1512-1514.
Published online 25 February 2010 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1185468] (in Science Express Reports)
Nitrogen fixation in the South Pacific Ocean is partitioned among several microbe species with distinct ecophysiologies. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Critical Role for 4β GABA_A Receptors in Shaping Learning Deficits at Puberty in Mice

Hui Shen, Nicole Sabaliauskas, Ang Sherpa, André A. Fenton, Armin Stelzer, Chiye Aoki, and Sheryl S. Smith
Science 19 March 2010: 1515-1518.
Learning incapacity observed during puberty is related to receptor location in the hippocampus. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

CKAMP44: A Brain-Specific Protein Attenuating Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity in the Dentate Gyrus

Jakob von Engelhardt, Volker Mack, Rolf Sprengel, Netta Kavenstock, Ka Wan Li, Yael Stern-Bach, August B. Smit, Peter H. Seeburg, and Hannah Monyer
Science 19 March 2010: 1518-1522.
Published online 25 February 2010 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1184178] (in Science Express Reports)
A synaptic protein that regulates postsynaptic AMPA receptor responses has been cloned and functionally characterized. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Circadian Gating of the Cell Cycle Revealed in Single Cyanobacterial Cells

Qiong Yang, Bernardo F. Pando, Guogang Dong, Susan S. Golden, and Alexander van Oudenaarden
Science 19 March 2010: 1522-1526.
Modeling and observation of cyanobacteria show entrainment of the cell cycle by their biological clock. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|