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Science 7 June 2002:
Vol. 296. no. 5574, pp. 1811 - 1812
DOI: 10.1126/science.10731318
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Perspectives

CANCER:
Targeting Lymphatic Metastasis

Jeffrey E. Gershenwald and Isaiah J. Fidler

Oncologists have long debated the part played by the lymphatic system of cancer patients in tumor metastasis. In a Perspective, Gershenwald and Fidler discuss new findings (Padera et al.) showing that the lymphatic vessels surrounding tumors contribute to lymphatic metastasis. The authors propose that one therapeutic approach to preventing lymphatic metastasis is to block VEGF-C, a lymphangiogenic factor.

The authors are in the Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. E-mail: ifidler{at}mdanderson.org

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Increased Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Expression Is Insufficient to Induce Lymphatic Metastasis in Human Soft-Tissue Sarcomas.
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Multi-Kinase Inhibitor E7080 Suppresses Lymph Node and Lung Metastases of Human Mammary Breast Tumor MDA-MB-231 via Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Receptor (VEGF-R) 2 and VEGF-R3 Kinase.
J. Matsui, Y. Funahashi, T. Uenaka, T. Watanabe, A. Tsuruoka, and M. Asada (2008)
Clin. Cancer Res. 14, 5459-5465
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Imaging Steps of Lymphatic Metastasis Reveals That Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Increases Metastasis by Increasing Delivery of Cancer Cells to Lymph Nodes: Therapeutic Implications.
T. Hoshida, N. Isaka, J. Hagendoorn, E. di Tomaso, Y.-L. Chen, B. Pytowski, D. Fukumura, T. P. Padera, and R. K. Jain (2006)
Cancer Res. 66, 8065-8075
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Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 by Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Is Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Prostate Cancer.
Y. Zeng, K. Opeskin, M. E. Baldwin, L. G. Horvath, M. G. Achen, S. A. Stacker, R. L. Sutherland, and E. D. Williams (2004)
Clin. Cancer Res. 10, 5137-5144
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Angiogenesis and the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors A and C in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Piriform Fossa.
J. J. Homer, M. G. Prentice, L. Cawkwell, M. Birchall, J. Greenman, and N. D. Stafford (2003)
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 129, 1110-1114
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Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Tumors: Insights from Intravital Microscopy.
R.K. JAIN (2002)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 67, 239-248
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