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Science 23 February 2001:
Vol. 291. no. 5508, p. 1443
DOI: 10.1126/science.291.5508.1443i
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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an ancient class of proteins utilized in antimicrobial defense. Mammalian TLRs can respond to microbial products by activating immune response genes, including those for cytokines and costimulatory molecules. Unlike Toll receptors from insects, however, a direct antimicrobial function has not been demonstrated for mammalian TLR. Thoma-Uszynski et al. (p. 1544) observed that macrophages from humans and mice could directly kill the intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis after stimulation through TLR-2. However, while antimicrobial activity in mice was achieved by induction of nitric oxide (NO), killing by human macrophages was mediated by a mechanism independent of NO.




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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)