HUNGARY:
Spirited Academy Faces Painful Cuts, Consolidation
Robert Koenig
BUDAPESTHungary's 172-year-old Academy of Sciences has fared better than most in Europe's former Eastern bloc. It has survived empires, wars, and military occupation, as well as this decade's transition from communism to democracy, while keeping control of its institutes and their purse strings. But as Hungary comes to terms with the harsh reality of a free-market democracy, this independently minded academy is now moving toward a painful consolidation forced by lean budgets and changes in research orientation.