Dissociable Components of Rule-Guided Behavior Depend on Distinct Medial and Prefrontal Regions
Mark J. Buckley,1,*,
Farshad A. Mansouri,2,*,
Hassan Hoda,2
Majid Mahboubi,2
Philip G. F. Browning,1
Sze C. Kwok,1
Adam Phillips,2
Keiji Tanaka2
Much of our behavior is guided by rules. Although human prefrontal
cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are implicated
in implementing rule-guided behavior, the crucial contributions
made by different regions within these areas are not yet specified.
In an attempt to bridge human neuropsychology and nonhuman primate
neurophysiology, we report the effects of circumscribed lesions
to macaque orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), principal sulcus (PS),
superior dorsolateral PFC, ventrolateral PFC, or ACC sulcus,
on separable cognitive components of a Wisconsin Card Sorting
Test (WCST) analog. Only the PS lesions impaired maintenance
of abstract rules in working memory; only the OFC lesions impaired
rapid reward-based updating of representations of rule value;
the ACC sulcus lesions impaired active reference to the value
of recent choice-outcomes during rule-based decision-making.
2 Cognitive Brain Mapping Laboratory, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
* These authors contributed equally to this work.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: buckley{at}psy.ox.ac.uk (M.J.B.); farshad{at}postman.riken.go.jp (F.A.M.)
