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ReportsCell Movements at Hensen’s Node Establish Left/Right Asymmetric Gene Expression in the Chick
In vertebrates, the readily apparent left/right (L/R) anatomical asymmetries of the internal organs can be traced to molecular events initiated at or near the time of gastrulation. However, the earliest steps of this process do not seem to be universally conserved. In particular, how this axis is first defined in chicks has remained problematic. Here we show that asymmetric cell rearrangements take place within chick embryos, creating a leftward movement of cells around the node. It is the relative displacement of cells expressing sonic hedgehog (Shh) and fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8) that is responsible for establishing their asymmetric expression patterns. The creation of asymmetric expression domains as a passive effect of cell movements represents an alternative strategy for breaking L/R symmetry in gene activity.
1 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
2 Institute of Zoology, Hohenheim University, 70953 Stuttgart, Germany. 3 Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Göttingen University, 37079 Göttingen, Germany. * Present address: Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
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To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)
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