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Science 24 April 2009:
Vol. 324. no. 5926, pp. 528 - 532
DOI: 10.1126/science.1167936
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Reports

Genome-Wide Survey of SNP Variation Uncovers the Genetic Structure of Cattle Breeds

The Bovine HapMap Consortium*

The imprints of domestication and breed development on the genomes of livestock likely differ from those of companion animals. A deep draft sequence assembly of shotgun reads from a single Hereford female and comparative sequences sampled from six additional breeds were used to develop probes to interrogate 37,470 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 497 cattle from 19 geographically and biologically diverse breeds. These data show that cattle have undergone a rapid recent decrease in effective population size from a very large ancestral population, possibly due to bottlenecks associated with domestication, selection, and breed formation. Domestication and artificial selection appear to have left detectable signatures of selection within the cattle genome, yet the current levels of diversity within breeds are at least as great as exists within humans.

* The full list of authors with their contributions and affiliations is included at the end of the manuscript. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to: curt.vantassell{at}ars.usda.gov (C.P.V.T.), taylorjerr{at}missouri.edu (J.F.T.), and agibbs{at}bcm.tmc.edu (R.A.G.)

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Genome Sequence, Comparative Analysis, and Population Genetics of the Domestic Horse.
C. M. Wade, E. Giulotto, S. Sigurdsson, M. Zoli, S. Gnerre, F. Imsland, T. L. Lear, D. L. Adelson, E. Bailey, R. R. Bellone, et al. (2009)
Science 326, 865-867
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Resolving the evolution of extant and extinct ruminants with high-throughput phylogenomics.
J. E. Decker, J. C. Pires, G. C. Conant, S. D. McKay, M. P. Heaton, K. Chen, A. Cooper, J. Vilkki, C. M. Seabury, A. R. Caetano, et al. (2009)
PNAS 106, 18644-18649
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Lessons from the Bovine Genome: Implications for Human Nutrition and Research.
D. G. Lemay, M. Rijnkels, and J. B. German (2009)
J. Nutr. 139, 1271-1272
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It's a Bull's Market.
H. A. Lewin (2009)
Science 324, 478-479
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