The Structure and Dynamics of Mid-Ocean Ridge Hydrothermal Systems
D. Coumou,*
T. Driesner,
C. A. Heinrich
Sub-seafloor hydrothermal convection at mid-ocean ridges transfers
25% of the Earth's heat flux and can form massive sulfide ore
deposits. Their three-dimensional (3D) structure and transient
dynamics are uncertain. Using 3D numerical simulations, we demonstrated
that convection cells self-organize into pipelike upflow zones
surrounded by narrow zones of focused and relatively warm downflow.
This configuration ensures optimal heat transfer and efficient
metal leaching for ore-deposit formation. Simulated fluid-residence
times are as short as 3 years. The concentric flow geometry
results from nonlinearities in fluid properties, and this may
influence the behavior of other fluid-flow systems in Earth's
crust.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: coumou{at}pik-potsdam.de
