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Science 15 February 2008:
Vol. 319. no. 5865, pp. 927 - 930
DOI: 10.1126/science.1151947
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Reports

Discovery of a Jupiter/Saturn Analog with Gravitational Microlensing

B. S. Gaudi,1* D. P. Bennett,2 A. Udalski,3 A. Gould,1 G. W. Christie,4 D. Maoz,5 S. Dong,1 J. McCormick,6 M. K. Szymanski,3 P. J. Tristram,7 S. Nikolaev,8 B. Paczynski,9{dagger} M. Kubiak,3 G. Pietrzynski,3,10 I. Soszynski,3 O. Szewczyk,3 K. Ulaczyk,3 L. Wyrzykowski,3,11 The OGLE Collaboration; D. L. DePoy,1 C. Han,12 S. Kaspi,5 C.-U. Lee,13 F. Mallia,14 T. Natusch,4 R. W. Pogge,1 B.-G. Park,13 The µFUN Collaboration; F. Abe,15 I. A. Bond,16 C. S. Botzler,17 A. Fukui,15 J. B. Hearnshaw,18 Y. Itow,15 K. Kamiya,15 A. V. Korpela,19 P. M. Kilmartin,7 W. Lin,16 K. Masuda,15 Y. Matsubara,15 M. Motomura,15 Y. Muraki,20 S. Nakamura,15 T. Okumura,15 K. Ohnishi,21 N. J. Rattenbury,22 T. Sako,15 To. Saito,23 S. Sato,24 L. Skuljan,16 D. J. Sullivan,19 T. Sumi,15 W. L. Sweatman,16 P. C. M. Yock,17 The MOA Collaboration; M. D. Albrow,18 A. Allan,25 J.-P. Beaulieu,26 M. J. Burgdorf,27 K. H. Cook,8 C. Coutures,26 M. Dominik,28 S. Dieters,29 P. Fouqué,30 J. Greenhill,29 K. Horne,28 I. Steele,27 Y. Tsapras,27 From the PLANET and RoboNet Collaborations; B. Chaboyer,31 A. Crocker,32 S. Frank,1 B. Macintosh8

Searches for extrasolar planets have uncovered an astonishing diversity of planetary systems, yet the frequency of solar system analogs remains unknown. The gravitational microlensing planet search method is potentially sensitive to multiple-planet systems containing analogs of all the solar system planets except Mercury. We report the detection of a multiple-planet system with microlensing. We identify two planets with masses of ~0.71 and ~0.27 times the mass of Jupiter and orbital separations of ~2.3 and ~4.6 astronomical units orbiting a primary star of mass ~0.50 solar mass at a distance of ~1.5 kiloparsecs. This system resembles a scaled version of our solar system in that the mass ratio, separation ratio, and equilibrium temperatures of the planets are similar to those of Jupiter and Saturn. These planets could not have been detected with other techniques; their discovery from only six confirmed microlensing planet detections suggests that solar system analogs may be common.

1 Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
2 Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
3 Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.
4 Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand.
5 School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
6 Farm Cove Observatory, 2/24 Rapallo Place, Pakuranga, Auckland 1706, New Zealand.
7 Mt. John Observatory, Post Office Box 56, Lake Tekapo 8770, New Zealand.
8 Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
9 Princeton University Observatory, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
10 Universidad de Concepción, Departamento de Fisica, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
11 Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK.
12 Program of Brain Korea, Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbong-Rho, Hungduk-Gu, Chongju 371-763, Korea.
13 Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 61-1 Hwaam-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-348, Korea.
14 Campo Catino Astronomical Observatory, Guarcino, Frosinone 03016, Italy.
15 Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
16 Institute for Information and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102-904, Auckland 1330, New Zealand.
17 Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland 1001, New Zealand.
18 University of Canterbury, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand.
19 School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand.
20 Department of Physics, Konan University, Nishiokamoto 8-9-1, Kobe 658-8501, Japan.
21 Nagano National College of Technology, Nagano 381-8550, Japan.
22 Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
23 Tokyo Metropolitan College of Aeronautics, Tokyo 116-8523, Japan.
24 Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
25 School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK.
26 Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UMR7095, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France.
27 Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, UK.
28 Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of St. Andrews, School of Physics and Astronomy, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK.
29 University of Tasmania, School of Mathematics and Physics, Private Bag 37, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
30 Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique, UMR 5572, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France.
31 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, 6127 Wilder Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
32 University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.

{dagger} Deceased.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gaudi{at}astronomy.ohio-state.edu

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Gas Disks to Gas Giants: Simulating the Birth of Planetary Systems.
E. W. Thommes, S. Matsumura, and F. A. Rasio (2008)
Science 321, 814-817
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