Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.
The cellular immune response to tissue damage and infectionrequires the recruitment of blood leukocytes. This process ismediated through a classical multistep mechanism, which involvestransient rolling on the endothelium and recognition of inflammationfollowed by extravasation. We have shown, by direct examinationof blood monocyte functions in vivo, that a subset of monocytespatrols healthy tissues through long-range crawling on the restingendothelium. This patrolling behavior depended on the integrinLFA-1 and the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 and was required forrapid tissue invasion at the site of an infection by this "resident"monocyte population, which initiated an early immune responseand differentiated into macrophages.
1 Institut Nationale de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U838, Laboratory of Biology of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System, and Cellular and Molecular imaging core facility, Institut Fédératif de Recherche Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France. 2 University Paris-Descartes, Paris, France. 3 Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France. 4 INSERM U668, Unité de Développement des Lymphocytes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. 5 INSERM E03-44, Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Nice, France.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: geissmann{at}necker.fr
The editors suggest the following Related Resources on Science sites:
In Science Magazine
INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE
Stephen J. Simpson and John Travis (3 August 2007) Science317 (5838), 611.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.317.5838.611] |Summary »|PDF »
In Science Signaling
EDITORS' CHOICE
Stephen J. Simpson (7 August 2007) Sci. STKE2007 (398), tw285.
[DOI: 10.1126/stke.3982007tw285] |Abstract »
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
The lung vascular filter as a site of immune induction for T cell responses to large embolic antigen.
M. A.M. Willart, H. Jan de Heer, H. Hammad, T. Soullie, K. Deswarte, B. E. Clausen, L. Boon, H. C. Hoogsteden, and B. N. Lambrecht (2009)
J. Exp. Med.
206, 2823-2835
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
IL-33 Amplifies the Polarization of Alternatively Activated Macrophages That Contribute to Airway Inflammation.
M. Kurowska-Stolarska, B. Stolarski, P. Kewin, G. Murphy, C. J. Corrigan, S. Ying, N. Pitman, A. Mirchandani, B. Rana, N. van Rooijen, et al. (2009)
J. Immunol.
183, 6469-6477
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Bone Marrow Ly6Chigh Monocytes Are Selectively Recruited to Injured Kidney and Differentiate into Functionally Distinct Populations.
S. L. Lin, A. P. Castano, B. T. Nowlin, M. L. Lupher Jr., and J. S. Duffield (2009)
J. Immunol.
183, 6733-6743
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Haemodialysis-induced transient CD16+ monocytopenia and cardiovascular outcome.
K. S. Rogacev, M. Ziegelin, C. Ulrich, S. Seiler, M. Girndt, D. Fliser, and G. H. Heine (2009)
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.
24, 3480-3486
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Intracapillary leucocyte accumulation as a novel antihaemorrhagic mechanism in acute pancreatitis in mice.
E Ryschich, V Kerkadze, O Deduchovas, O Salnikova, A Parseliunas, A Marten, W Hartwig, M Sperandio, and J Schmidt (2009)
Gut
58, 1508-1516
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Identification of Two Distinct Macrophage Subsets with Divergent Effects Causing either Neurotoxicity or Regeneration in the Injured Mouse Spinal Cord.
K. A. Kigerl, J. C. Gensel, D. P. Ankeny, J. K. Alexander, D. J. Donnelly, and P. G. Popovich (2009)
J. Neurosci.
29, 13435-13444
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
An engineered CX3CR1 antagonist endowed with anti-inflammatory activity.
K. Dorgham, A. Ghadiri, P. Hermand, M. Rodero, L. Poupel, M. Iga, O. Hartley, G. Gorochov, C. Combadiere, and P. Deterre (2009)
J. Leukoc. Biol.
86, 903-911
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Regulation of the Migration and Survival of Monocyte Subsets by Chemokine Receptors and Its Relevance to Atherosclerosis.
E. L. Gautier, C. Jakubzick, and G. J. Randolph (2009)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
29, 1412-1418
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Heterogeneous In Vivo Behavior of Monocyte Subsets in Atherosclerosis.
F. K. Swirski, R. Weissleder, and M. J. Pittet (2009)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
29, 1424-1432
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Expression in Both Endothelium and Hematopoietic Cells Is Required for the Accelerative Effect of Estradiol on Reendothelialization.
C. E. Toutain, C. Filipe, A. Billon, C. Fontaine, L. Brouchet, J.-C. Guery, P. Gourdy, J.-F. Arnal, and F. Lenfant (2009)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
29, 1543-1550
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Macrophage Diversity and Polarization in Atherosclerosis: A Question of Balance.
A. Mantovani, C. Garlanda, and M. Locati (2009)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
29, 1419-1423
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Regulation of Dynamic Behavior of Retinal Microglia by CX3CR1 Signaling.
K. J. Liang, J. E. Lee, Y. D. Wang, W. Ma, A. M. Fontainhas, R. N. Fariss, and W. T. Wong (2009)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
50, 4444-4451
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Monocyte heterogeneity in obesity and subclinical atherosclerosis.
K. S. Rogacev, C. Ulrich, L. Blomer, F. Hornof, K. Oster, M. Ziegelin, B. Cremers, Y. Grenner, J. Geisel, A. Schlitt, et al. (2009)
Eur. Heart J.
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Identification of Splenic Reservoir Monocytes and Their Deployment to Inflammatory Sites.
F. K. Swirski, M. Nahrendorf, M. Etzrodt, M. Wildgruber, V. Cortez-Retamozo, P. Panizzi, J.-L. Figueiredo, R. H. Kohler, A. Chudnovskiy, P. Waterman, et al. (2009)
Science
325, 612-616
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
A distinguishing gene signature shared by tumor-infiltrating Tie2-expressing monocytes, blood "resident" monocytes, and embryonic macrophages suggests common functions and developmental relationships.
F. Pucci, M. A. Venneri, D. Biziato, A. Nonis, D. Moi, A. Sica, C. Di Serio, L. Naldini, and M. De Palma (2009)
Blood
114, 901-914
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Altered cellular dynamics and endosteal location of aged early hematopoietic progenitor cells revealed by time-lapse intravital imaging in long bones.
A. Kohler, V. Schmithorst, M.-D. Filippi, M. A. Ryan, D. Daria, M. Gunzer, and H. Geiger (2009)
Blood
114, 290-298
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Effects of chronic hypoxia on soluble guanylate cyclase activity in fetal and adult ovine cerebral arteries.
W. J. Pearce, J. M. Williams, C. R. White, and T. M. Lincoln (2009)
J Appl Physiol
107, 192-199
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Myeloid-Specific Deletion of Tumor Suppressor PTEN Augments Neutrophil Transendothelial Migration during Inflammation.
B. Sarraj, S. Massberg, Y. Li, A. Kasorn, K. Subramanian, F. Loison, L. E. Silberstein, U. von Andrian, and H. R. Luo (2009)
J. Immunol.
182, 7190-7200
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Wound healing defect of Vav3-/- mice due to impaired {beta}2-integrin-dependent macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils.
A. Sindrilaru, T. Peters, J. Schymeinsky, T. Oreshkova, H. Wang, A. Gompf, F. Mannella, M. Wlaschek, C. Sunderkotter, K. L. Rudolph, et al. (2009)
Blood
113, 5266-5276
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Role of Lung-marginated Monocytes in an In Vivo Mouse Model of Ventilator-induced Lung Injury.
M. R. Wilson, K. P. O'Dea, D. Zhang, A. D. Shearman, N. van Rooijen, and M. Takata (2009)
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
179, 914-922
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
In vivo activated monocytes from the site of inflammation in humans specifically promote Th17 responses.
H. G. Evans, N. J. Gullick, S. Kelly, C. Pitzalis, G. M. Lord, B. W. Kirkham, and L. S. Taams (2009)
PNAS
106, 6232-6237
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
CX3CR1+ CD115+ CD135+ common macrophage/DC precursors and the role of CX3CR1 in their response to inflammation.
C. Auffray, D. K. Fogg, E. Narni-Mancinelli, B. Senechal, C. Trouillet, N. Saederup, J. Leemput, K. Bigot, L. Campisi, M. Abitbol, et al. (2009)
J. Exp. Med.
206, 595-606
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Different functions of monocyte subsets in familial hypercholesterolemia: potential function of CD14+CD16+ monocytes in detoxification of oxidized LDL.
S. Mosig, K. Rennert, S. Krause, J. Kzhyshkowska, K. Neunubel, R. Heller, and H. Funke (2009)
FASEB J
23, 866-874
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Ly6Clow Monocytes Differentiate into Dendritic Cells and Cross-Tolerize T Cells through PDL-1.
CX3CR1 is required for monocyte homeostasis and atherogenesis by promoting cell survival.
L. Landsman, L. Bar-On, A. Zernecke, K.-W. Kim, R. Krauthgamer, E. Shagdarsuren, S. A. Lira, I. L. Weissman, C. Weber, and S. Jung (2009)
Blood
113, 963-972
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Integrins in immunity.
R. Evans, I. Patzak, L. Svensson, K. De Filippo, K. Jones, A. McDowall, and N. Hogg (2009)
J. Cell Sci.
122, 215-225
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Mobilization and Margination of Bone Marrow Gr-1high Monocytes during Subclinical Endotoxemia Predisposes the Lungs toward Acute Injury.
K. P. O'Dea, M. R. Wilson, J. O. Dokpesi, K. Wakabayashi, L. Tatton, N. van Rooijen, and M. Takata (2009)
J. Immunol.
182, 1155-1166
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Multimodality Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, Part II.
M. Nahrendorf, D. E. Sosnovik, B. A. French, F. K. Swirski, F. Bengel, M. M. Sadeghi, J. R. Lindner, J. C. Wu, D. L. Kraitchman, Z. A. Fayad, et al. (2009)
Circ Cardiovasc Imaging
2, 56-70
|Full Text »|PDF »
CX3CR1+c-kit+ Bone Marrow Cells Give Rise to CD103+ and CD103- Dendritic Cells with Distinct Functional Properties.
M.-L. del Rio, J.-I. Rodriguez-Barbosa, J. Bolter, M. Ballmaier, O. Dittrich-Breiholz, M. Kracht, S. Jung, and R. Forster (2008)
J. Immunol.
181, 6178-6188
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
CCR2 Mediates Homeostatic and Inflammatory Release of Gr1high Monocytes from the Bone Marrow, but Is Dispensable for Bladder Infiltration in Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection.
D. R. Engel, J. Maurer, A. P. Tittel, C. Weisheit, T. Cavlar, B. Schumak, A. Limmer, N. van Rooijen, C. Trautwein, F. Tacke, et al. (2008)
J. Immunol.
181, 5579-5586
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Rod-Shaped Monocytes Patrol the Brain Vasculature and Give Rise to Perivascular Macrophages under the Influence of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Angiopoietin-2.
J. Audoy-Remus, J.-F. Richard, D. Soulet, H. Zhou, P. Kubes, and L. Vallieres (2008)
J. Neurosci.
28, 10187-10199
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Requirement of Myeloid Cells for Axon Regeneration.
B. Barrette, M.-A. Hebert, M. Filali, K. Lafortune, N. Vallieres, G. Gowing, J.-P. Julien, and S. Lacroix (2008)
J. Neurosci.
28, 9363-9376
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Visualizing stromal cell dynamics in different tumor microenvironments by spinning disk confocal microscopy.
M. Egeblad, A. J. Ewald, H. A. Askautrud, M. L. Truitt, B. E. Welm, E. Bainbridge, G. Peeters, M. F. Krummel, and Z. Werb (2008)
Dis. Model. Mech.
1, 155-167
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Ex Vivo Dynamic Imaging of Retinal Microglia Using Time-Lapse Confocal Microscopy.
J. E. Lee, K. J. Liang, R. N. Fariss, and W. T. Wong (2008)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
49, 4169-4176
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Neutrophil secretion products pave the way for inflammatory monocytes.
O. Soehnlein, A. Zernecke, E. E. Eriksson, A. G. Rothfuchs, C. T. Pham, H. Herwald, K. Bidzhekov, M. E. Rottenberg, C. Weber, and L. Lindbom (2008)
Blood
112, 1461-1471
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Thrombin-induced expression of endothelial CX3CL1 potentiates monocyte CCL2 production and transendothelial migration.
M. Popovic, Y. Laumonnier, L. Burysek, T. Syrovets, and T. Simmet (2008)
J. Leukoc. Biol.
84, 215-223
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The Physiology of Leukocyte Recruitment: An In Vivo Perspective.
Decreased Expression of the Fractalkine Receptor CX3CR1 on Circulating Monocytes as New Feature of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression.
A. Pachot, M.-A. Cazalis, F. Venet, F. Turrel, C. Faudot, N. Voirin, J. Diasparra, N. Bourgoin, F. Poitevin, B. Mougin, et al. (2008)
J. Immunol.
180, 6421-6429
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Invited review: Vascular cells contribute to atherosclerosis by cytokine- and innate-immunity-related inflammatory mechanisms.
H. Loppnow, K. Werdan, and M. Buerke (2008)
Innate Immunity
14, 63-87
|Abstract »|PDF »
Retinal Microglia and Uveal Tract Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Are Not CX3CR1 Dependent in Their Recruitment and Distribution in the Young Mouse Eye.
J. Kezic, H. Xu, H. R. Chinnery, C. C. Murphy, and P. G. McMenamin (2008)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
49, 1599-1608
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Plasticity of Macrophage Function during Tumor Progression: Regulation by Distinct Molecular Mechanisms.
The healing myocardium sequentially mobilizes two monocyte subsets with divergent and complementary functions.
M. Nahrendorf, F. K. Swirski, E. Aikawa, L. Stangenberg, T. Wurdinger, J.-L. Figueiredo, P. Libby, R. Weissleder, and M. J. Pittet (2007)
J. Exp. Med.
204, 3037-3047
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
