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Science 13 April 2007:
Vol. 316. no. 5822, pp. 268 - 272
DOI: 10.1126/science.1139915
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Reports

Designed Synthesis of 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks

Hani M. El-Kaderi,1 Joseph R. Hunt,1 José L. Mendoza-Cortés,1 Adrien P. Côté,1 Robert E. Taylor,1 Michael O'Keeffe,2 Omar M. Yaghi1*

Three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) were synthesized by targeting two nets based on triangular and tetrahedral nodes: ctn and bor. The respective 3D COFs were synthesized as crystalline solids by condensation reactions of tetrahedral tetra(4-dihydroxyborylphenyl) methane or tetra(4-dihydroxyborylphenyl)silane and by co-condensation of triangular 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene. Because these materials are entirely constructed from strong covalent bonds (C-C, C-O, C-B, and B-O), they have high thermal stabilities (400° to 500°C), and they also have high surface areas (3472 and 4210 square meters per gram for COF-102 and COF-103, respectively) and extremely low densities (0.17 grams per cubic centimeter).

1 Center for Reticular Chemistry at California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: yaghi{at}chem.ucla.edu

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)