Solid-State Thermal Rectifier
C. W. Chang,1,4
D. Okawa,1
A. Majumdar,2,3,4
A. Zettl1,3,4*
We demonstrated nanoscale solid-state thermal rectification. High-thermal-conductivity carbon and boron nitride nanotubes were mass-loaded externally and inhomogeneously with heavy molecules. The resulting nanoscale system yields asymmetric axial thermal conductance with greater heat flow in the direction of decreasing mass density. The effect cannot be explained by ordinary perturbative wave theories, and instead we suggest that solitons may be responsible for the phenomenon. Considering the important role of electrical rectifiers (diodes) in electronics, thermal rectifiers have substantial implications for diverse thermal management problems, ranging from nanoscale calorimeters to microelectronic processors to macroscopic refrigerators and energy-saving buildings.
1 Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
2 Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
3 Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
4 Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: azettl{at}berkeley.edu
