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Science 20 October 2006:
Vol. 314. no. 5798, pp. 439 - 443
DOI: 10.1126/science.1131702

Research Articles

Anisotropy and Corotation of Galactic Cosmic Rays

M. Amenomori,1 S. Ayabe,2 X. J. Bi,3 D. Chen,4 S. W. Cui,5 Danzengluobu,6 L. K. Ding,3 X. H. Ding,6 C. F. Feng,7 Zhaoyang Feng,3 Z. Y. Feng,8 X. Y. Gao,9 Q. X. Geng,9 H. W. Guo,6 H. H. He,3 M. He,7 K. Hibino,10 N. Hotta,11 Haibing Hu,6 H. B. Hu,3 J. Huang,12 Q. Huang,8 H. Y. Jia,8 F. Kajino,13 K. Kasahara,14 Y. Katayose,4 C. Kato,15 K. Kawata,12 Labaciren,6 G. M. Le,16 A. F. Li,7 J. Y. Li,7 Y.-Q. Lou,17 H. Lu,3 S. L. Lu,3 X. R. Meng,6 K. Mizutani,2,18 J. Mu,9 K. Munakata,15 A. Nagai,19 H. Nanjo,1 M. Nishizawa,20 M. Ohnishi,12 I. Ohta,21 H. Onuma,2 T. Ouchi,10 S. Ozawa,12 J. R. Ren,3 T. Saito,22 T. Y. Saito,12 M. Sakata,13 T. K. Sako,12 T. Sasaki,10 M. Shibata,4 A. Shiomi,12 T. Shirai,10 H. Sugimoto,23 M. Takita,12 Y. H. Tan,3 N. Tateyama,10 S. Torii,18 H. Tsuchiya,24 S. Udo,12 B. Wang,9 H. Wang,3 X. Wang,12 Y. G. Wang,7 H. R. Wu,3 L. Xue,7 Y. Yamamoto,13 C. T. Yan,12 X. C. Yang,9 S. Yasue,25 Z. H. Ye,16 G. C. Yu,8 A. F. Yuan,6 T. Yuda,10 H. M. Zhang,3 J. L. Zhang,3 N. J. Zhang,7 X. Y. Zhang,7 Y. Zhang,3 Yi Zhang,3* Zhaxisangzhu,6 X. X. Zhou8 (The Tibet AS{gamma} Collaboration)

The intensity of Galactic cosmic rays is nearly isotropic because of the influence of magnetic fields in the Milky Way. Here, we present two-dimensional high-precision anisotropy measurement for energies from a few to several hundred teraelectronvolts (TeV), using the large data sample of the Tibet Air Shower Arrays. Besides revealing finer details of the known anisotropies, a new component of Galactic cosmic ray anisotropy in sidereal time is uncovered around the Cygnus region direction. For cosmic-ray energies up to a few hundred TeV, all components of anisotropies fade away, showing a corotation of Galactic cosmic rays with the local Galactic magnetic environment. These results have broad implications for a comprehensive understanding of cosmic rays, supernovae, magnetic fields, and heliospheric and Galactic dynamic environments.

1 Department of Physics, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan.
2 Department of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
3 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
4 Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
5 Department of Physics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China.
6 Department of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.
7 Department of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
8 Institute of Modern Physics, SouthWest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
9 Department of Physics, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
10 Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan.
11 Faculty of Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan.
12 Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8582, Japan.
13 Department of Physics, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan.
14 Faculty of Systems Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan.
15 Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
16 Center of Space Science and Application Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
17 Physics Department and Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
18 Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
19 Advanced Media Network Center, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8585, Japan.
20 National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan.
21 Tochigi Study Center, University of the Air, Utsunomiya 321-0943, Japan.
22 Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology, Tokyo 116-8523, Japan.
23 Shonan Institute of Technology, Fujisawa 251-8511, Japan.
24 RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan.
25 School of General Education, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: zhangyi{at}mail.ihep.ac.cn

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