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Science 29 September 2006:
Vol. 313. no. 5795, pp. 1960 - 1964
DOI: 10.1126/science.1129139
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Type, Density, and Location of Immune Cells Within Human Colorectal Tumors Predict Clinical Outcome

Jérôme Galon,1*{dagger} Anne Costes,1 Fatima Sanchez-Cabo,2 Amos Kirilovsky,1 Bernhard Mlecnik,2 Christine Lagorce-Pagès,3 Marie Tosolini,1 Matthieu Camus,1 Anne Berger,4 Philippe Wind,4 Franck Zinzindohoué,5 Patrick Bruneval,6 Paul-Henri Cugnenc,5 Zlatko Trajanoski,2 Wolf-Herman Fridman,1,7 Franck Pagès1,7{dagger}

The role of the adaptive immune response in controlling the growth and recurrence of human tumors has been controversial. We characterized the tumor-infiltrating immune cells in large cohorts of human colorectal cancers by gene expression profiling and in situ immunohistochemical staining. Collectively, the immunological data (the type, density, and location of immune cells within the tumor samples) were found to be a better predictor of patient survival than the histopathological methods currently used to stage colorectal cancer. The results were validated in two additional patient populations. These data support the hypothesis that the adaptive immune response influences the behavior of human tumors. In situ analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells may therefore be a valuable prognostic tool in the treatment of colorectal cancer and possibly other malignancies.

1 INSERM U 255, Paris, 75006 France; Université Paris-Descartes Paris 5, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, 75006 France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Institut des Cordeliers, Paris, 75006 France.
2 Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
3 Department of Pathology, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, 93017 France.
4 Department of Digestive Surgery, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, 93017 France.
5 Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, 75015 France.
6 Department of Pathology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, 75015 France.
7 Department of Immunology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, 75015 France.

{dagger} These authors contributed equally to this work.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jerome.galon{at}u255.bhdc.jussieu.fr

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