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Science 25 August 2006:
Vol. 313. no. 5790, pp. 1126 - 1130
DOI: 10.1126/science.1127119
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Reports

Symbiotic Bacteria Direct Expression of an Intestinal Bactericidal Lectin

Heather L. Cash,1* Cecilia V. Whitham,1* Cassie L. Behrendt,1 Lora V. Hooper1,2{dagger}

The mammalian intestine harbors complex societies of beneficial bacteria that are maintained in the lumen with minimal penetration of mucosal surfaces. Microbial colonization of germ-free mice triggers epithelial expression of RegIII{gamma}, a secreted C-type lectin. RegIII{gamma} binds intestinal bacteria but lacks the complement recruitment domains present in other microbe-binding mammalian C-type lectins. We show that RegIII{gamma} and its human counterpart, HIP/PAP, are directly antimicrobial proteins that bind their bacterial targets via interactions with peptidoglycan carbohydrate. We propose that these proteins represent an evolutionarily primitive form of lectin-mediated innate immunity, and that they reveal intestinal strategies for maintaining symbiotic host-microbial relationships.

1 Center for Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
2 Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.

* These authors contributed equally to this work.

{dagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Lora.Hooper{at}UTSouthwestern.edu

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