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Diversity and Function of Adaptive Immune Receptors in a Jawless Vertebrate
Matthew N. Alder,1Igor B. Rogozin,2Lakshminarayan M. Iyer,2Galina V. Glazko,3Max D. Cooper,1Zeev Pancer4*
Instead of the immunoglobulin-type antigen receptors of jawedvertebrates, jawless fish have variable lymphocyte receptors(VLRs), which consist of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) modules.Somatic diversification of the VLR gene is shown here to occurthrough a multistep assembly of LRR modules randomly selectedfrom a large bank of flanking cassettes. The predicted concavesurface of the VLR is lined with hypervariable positively selectedresidues, and computational analysis suggests a repertoire ofabout 1014 unique receptors. Lamprey immunized with anthraxspores responded with the production of soluble antigen-specificVLRs. These findings reveal that two strikingly different modesof antigen recognition through rearranged lymphocyte receptorshave evolved in the jawless and jawed vertebrates.
1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, Pediatrics, and Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. 2 National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. 3 Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA. 4 Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pancer{at}comb.umbi.umd.edu.
Structure and specificity of lamprey monoclonal antibodies.
B. R. Herrin, M. N. Alder, K. H. Roux, C. Sina, G. R. A. Ehrhardt, J. A. Boydston, C. L. Turnbough Jr, and M. D. Cooper (2008)
PNAS
105, 2040-2045
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Structural Diversity of the Hagfish Variable Lymphocyte Receptors.
H. M. Kim, S. C. Oh, K. J. Lim, J. Kasamatsu, J. Y. Heo, B. S. Park, H. Lee, O. J. Yoo, M. Kasahara, and J.-O. Lee (2007)
J. Biol. Chem.
282, 6726-6732
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Lamprey TLRs with Properties Distinct from Those of the Variable Lymphocyte Receptors.
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178, 397-406
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Fc Receptor Homolog 3 Is a Novel Immunoregulatory Marker of Marginal Zone and B1 B Cells.
W.-J. Won, J. B. Foote, M. R. Odom, J. Pan, J. F. Kearney, and R. S. Davis (2006)
J. Immunol.
177, 6815-6823
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Genomic insights into the immune system of the sea urchin..
J. P. Rast, L. C. Smith, M. Loza-Coll, T. Hibino, and G. W. Litman (2006)
Science
314, 952-956
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Unexpected diversity displayed in cDNAs expressed by the immune cells of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
D. P. Terwilliger, K. M. Buckley, D. Mehta, P. G. Moorjani, and L.C. Smith (2006)
Physiol Genomics
26, 134-144
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
