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Science 2 September 2005:
Vol. 309. no. 5740, pp. 1564 - 1566
DOI: 10.1126/science.1112009
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Reports

Antisense Transcription in the Mammalian Transcriptome

RIKEN Genome Exploration Research Group and Genome Science Group (Genome Network Project Core Group) and the FANTOM Consortium: S. Katayama,1* Y. Tomaru,1* T. Kasukawa,1 K. Waki,12 M. Nakanishi,1 M. Nakamura,1 H. Nishida,1 C. C. Yap,1 M. Suzuki,1 J. Kawai,12 H. Suzuki,1 P. Carninci,12{dagger} Y. Hayashizaki,12{ddagger} C. Wells,3 M. Frith,13 T. Ravasi,3 K. C. Pang,34 J. Hallinan,3 J. Mattick,3 D. A. Hume,3 L. Lipovich,5 S. Batalov,6 P. G. Engström,7* Y. Mizuno,7* M. A. Faghihi,78 A. Sandelin,7 A. M. Chalk,7 S. Mottagui-Tabar,78 Z. Liang,7 B. Lenhard,7 C. Wahlestedt78{ddagger}

Antisense transcription (transcription from the opposite strand to a protein-coding or sense strand) has been ascribed roles in gene regulation involving degradation of the corresponding sense transcripts (RNA interference), as well as gene silencing at the chromatin level. Global transcriptome analysis provides evidence that a large proportion of the genome can produce transcripts from both strands, and that antisense transcripts commonly link neighboring "genes" in complex loci into chains of linked transcriptional units. Expression profiling reveals frequent concordant regulation of sense/antisense pairs. We present experimental evidence that perturbation of an antisense RNA can alter the expression of sense messenger RNAs, suggesting that antisense transcription contributes to control of transcriptional outputs in mammals.

1 Laboratory for Genome Exploration Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Centre (GSC), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.

* These authors contributed equally to this work.

2 Genome Science Laboratory, Discovery and Research Institute, RIKEN Wako Main Campus, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Japan.

3 Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Functional and Applied Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld, 4072, Australia.

4 T Cell Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg VIC 3084, Australia.

5 Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street #02-01, Singapore 138672.

6 Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.

7 Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Karolinska Institutet, Berzelius v. 35, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.

8 Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.

{dagger} To whom technical correspondence should be addressed.

{ddagger} To whom general correspondence should be addressed.

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