Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.
Complete Replication of Hepatitis C Virus in Cell Culture
Brett D. Lindenbach,1Matthew J. Evans,1Andrew J. Syder,1Benno Wölk,1Timothy L. Tellinghuisen,1Christopher C. Liu,2Toshiaki Maruyama,3*Richard O. Hynes,2Dennis R. Burton,3Jane A. McKeating,1Charles M. Rice1
Many aspects of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle havenot been reproduced in cell culture, which has slowed researchprogress on this important human pathogen. Here, we describea full-length HCV genome that replicates and produces virusparticles that are infectious in cell culture (HCVcc). Replicationof HCVcc was robust, producing nearly 105 infectious units permilliliter within 48 hours. Virus particles were filterableand neutralized with a monoclonal antibody against the viralglycoprotein E2. Viral entry was dependent on cellular expressionof a putative HCV receptor, CD81. HCVcc replication was inhibitedby interferon- and by several HCV-specific antiviral compounds,suggesting that this in vitro system will aid in the searchfor improved antivirals.
1 Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA. 2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. 3 Departments of Immunology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Published online 9 June 2005
Include this information when citing this paper.
* Present address: Alexion Antibody Technologies, San Diego, CA92121, USA.
Present address: Division of Immunity and Infection, Instituteof Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School,Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ricec{at}rockefeller.edu
The editors suggest the following Related Resources on Science sites:
In Science Magazine
NEWS FOCUS
Jon Cohen (10 June 2005) Science308 (5728), 1539.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.308.5728.1539] |Summary »|Full Text »|PDF »
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Structural and Functional Characterization of Nonstructural Protein 2 for Its Role in Hepatitis C Virus Assembly.
V. Jirasko, R. Montserret, N. Appel, A. Janvier, L. Eustachi, C. Brohm, E. Steinmann, T. Pietschmann, F. Penin, and R. Bartenschlager (2008)
J. Biol. Chem.
283, 28546-28562
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Characterization of hepatitis C RNA-containing particles from human liver by density and size.
S. U. Nielsen, M. F. Bassendine, C. Martin, D. Lowther, P. J. Purcell, B. J. King, D. Neely, and G. L. Toms (2008)
J. Gen. Virol.
89, 2507-2517
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Apolipoprotein C1 Association with Hepatitis C Virus.
J.-C. Meunier, R. S. Russell, R. E. Engle, K. N. Faulk, R. H. Purcell, and S. U. Emerson (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 9647-9656
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Hepatitis C Virus Infection Sensitizes Human Hepatocytes to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in a Caspase 9-Dependent Manner.
L. Lan, S. Gorke, S. J. Rau, M. B. Zeisel, E. Hildt, K. Himmelsbach, M. Carvajal-Yepes, R. Huber, T. Wakita, A. Schmitt-Graeff, et al. (2008)
J. Immunol.
181, 4926-4935
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
A Hepatitis C Virus cis-Acting Replication Element Forms a Long-Range RNA-RNA Interaction with Upstream RNA Sequences in NS5B.
S. Diviney, A. Tuplin, M. Struthers, V. Armstrong, R. M. Elliott, P. Simmonds, and D. J. Evans (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 9008-9022
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Molecular Mechanism of Hepatitis C Virus Replicon Variants with Reduced Susceptibility to a Benzofuran Inhibitor, HCV-796.
A. Y. M. Howe, H. Cheng, S. Johann, S. Mullen, S. K. Chunduru, D. C. Young, J. Bard, R. Chopra, G. Krishnamurthy, T. Mansour, et al. (2008)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
52, 3327-3338
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Intramembrane Processing by Signal Peptide Peptidase Regulates the Membrane Localization of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein and Viral Propagation.
K. Okamoto, Y. Mori, Y. Komoda, T. Okamoto, M. Okochi, M. Takeda, T. Suzuki, K. Moriishi, and Y. Matsuura (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 8349-8361
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
CD81 Is a Central Regulator of Cellular Events Required for Hepatitis C Virus Infection of Human Hepatocytes.
M. Brazzoli, A. Bianchi, S. Filippini, A. Weiner, Q. Zhu, M. Pizza, and S. Crotta (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 8316-8329
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Protein Kinase A-Dependent Step(s) in Hepatitis C Virus Entry and Infectivity.
M. J. Farquhar, H. J. Harris, M. Diskar, S. Jones, C. J. Mee, S. U. Nielsen, C. L. Brimacombe, S. Molina, G. L. Toms, P. Maurel, et al. (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 8797-8811
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Interaction of Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural Protein 5A with Core Protein Is Critical for the Production of Infectious Virus Particles.
T. Masaki, R. Suzuki, K. Murakami, H. Aizaki, K. Ishii, A. Murayama, T. Date, Y. Matsuura, T. Miyamura, T. Wakita, et al. (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 7964-7976
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
NS3 Helicase Domains Involved in Infectious Intracellular Hepatitis C Virus Particle Assembly.
Y. Ma, J. Yates, Y. Liang, S. M. Lemon, and M. Yi (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 7624-7639
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Efficient trans-Encapsidation of Hepatitis C Virus RNAs into Infectious Virus-Like Particles.
E. Steinmann, C. Brohm, S. Kallis, R. Bartenschlager, and T. Pietschmann (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 7034-7046
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Transcriptional slippage prompts recoding in alternate reading frames in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core sequence from strain HCV-1.
M. Ratinier, S. Boulant, C. Combet, P. Targett-Adams, J. McLauchlan, and J.-P. Lavergne (2008)
J. Gen. Virol.
89, 1569-1578
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Virological characterization of the hepatitis C virus JFH-1 strain in lymphocytic cell lines.
K. Murakami, T. Kimura, M. Osaki, K. Ishii, T. Miyamura, T. Suzuki, T. Wakita, and I. Shoji (2008)
J. Gen. Virol.
89, 1587-1592
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Maturation of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein by Signal Peptide Peptidase Is Required for Virus Production.
P. Targett-Adams, G. Hope, S. Boulant, and J. McLauchlan (2008)
J. Biol. Chem.
283, 16850-16859
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Effects of Mutagenic and Chain-Terminating Nucleotide Analogs on Enzymes Isolated from Hepatitis C Virus Strains of Various Genotypes.
J. A. Heck, A. M. I. Lam, N. Narayanan, and D. N. Frick (2008)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
52, 1901-1911
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Cyclophilin A Is an Essential Cofactor for Hepatitis C Virus Infection and the Principal Mediator of Cyclosporine Resistance In Vitro.
F. Yang, J. M. Robotham, H. B. Nelson, A. Irsigler, R. Kenworthy, and H. Tang (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 5269-5278
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The role of hepatitis C virus in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
CD81 and Claudin 1 Coreceptor Association: Role in Hepatitis C Virus Entry.
H. J. Harris, M. J. Farquhar, C. J. Mee, C. Davis, G. M. Reynolds, A. Jennings, K. Hu, F. Yuan, H. Deng, S. G. Hubscher, et al. (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 5007-5020
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Hepatitis C virus NS5A protein interacts with and negatively regulates the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase Syk.
S. Inubushi, M. Nagano-Fujii, K. Kitayama, M. Tanaka, C. An, H. Yokozaki, H. Yamamura, H. Nuriya, M. Kohara, K. Sada, et al. (2008)
J. Gen. Virol.
89, 1231-1242
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
How does interferon inhibit HCV cell entry?.
M. Jones and J. S Owen (2008)
Gut
57, 573-574
|Full Text »|PDF »
Iminosugars in Combination with Interferon and Ribavirin Permanently Eradicate Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus from Persistently Infected Cells.
S. D. Woodhouse, C. Smith, M. Michelet, N. Branza-Nichita, M. Hussey, R. A. Dwek, and N. Zitzmann (2008)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
52, 1820-1828
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Scavenger Receptor Class B Is Required for Hepatitis C Virus Uptake and Cross-Presentation by Human Dendritic Cells.
H. Barth, E. K. Schnober, C. Neumann-Haefelin, C. Thumann, M. B. Zeisel, H. M. Diepolder, Z. Hu, T. J. Liang, H. E. Blum, R. Thimme, et al. (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 3466-3479
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
A Single-Amino-Acid Mutation in Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Disrupting FKBP8 Interaction Impairs Viral Replication.
T. Okamoto, H. Omori, Y. Kaname, T. Abe, Y. Nishimura, T. Suzuki, T. Miyamura, T. Yoshimori, K. Moriishi, and Y. Matsuura (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 3480-3489
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Analysis of the Evolutionary Forces in an Immunodominant CD8 Epitope in Hepatitis C Virus at a Population Level.
C. Neumann-Haefelin, D. N. Frick, J. J. Wang, O. G. Pybus, S. Salloum, G. S. Narula, A. Eckart, A. Biezynski, T. Eiermann, P. Klenerman, et al. (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 3438-3451
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The Tight Junction Proteins Claudin-1, -6, and -9 Are Entry Cofactors for Hepatitis C Virus.
L. Meertens, C. Bertaux, L. Cukierman, E. Cormier, D. Lavillette, F.-L. Cosset, and T. Dragic (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 3555-3560
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Discovery and Characterization of Substituted Diphenyl Heterocyclic Compounds as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus Replication.
P. Huang, D. A. Goff, Q. Huang, A. Martinez, X. Xu, S. Crowder, S. D. Issakani, E. Anderson, N. Sheng, P. Achacoso, et al. (2008)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
52, 1419-1429
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Correlation of the Tight Junction-like Distribution of Claudin-1 to the Cellular Tropism of Hepatitis C Virus.
W. Yang, C. Qiu, N. Biswas, J. Jin, S. C. Watkins, R. C. Montelaro, C. B. Coyne, and T. Wang (2008)
J. Biol. Chem.
283, 8643-8653
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Advantages of a single-cycle production assay to study cell culture-adaptive mutations of hepatitis C virus.
R. S. Russell, J.-C. Meunier, S. Takikawa, K. Faulk, R. E. Engle, J. Bukh, R. H. Purcell, and S. U. Emerson (2008)
PNAS
105, 4370-4375
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Human Butyrate-Induced Transcript 1 Interacts with Hepatitis C Virus NS5A and Regulates Viral Replication.
S. Taguwa, T. Okamoto, T. Abe, Y. Mori, T. Suzuki, K. Moriishi, and Y. Matsuura (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 2631-2641
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to the hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein.
A. M. Owsianka, A. W. Tarr, Z.-Y. Keck, T.-K. Li, J. Witteveldt, R. Adair, S. K. H. Foung, J. K. Ball, and A. H. Patel (2008)
J. Gen. Virol.
89, 653-659
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1a Growth and Induction of Autophagy.
M. Ait-Goughoulte, T. Kanda, K. Meyer, J. S. Ryerse, R. B. Ray, and R. Ray (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 2241-2249
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Visualization of Double-Stranded RNA in Cells Supporting Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication.
P. Targett-Adams, S. Boulant, and J. McLauchlan (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 2182-2195
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
A virocidal amphipathic {alpha}-helical peptide that inhibits hepatitis C virus infection in vitro.
G. Cheng, A. Montero, P. Gastaminza, C. Whitten-Bauer, S. F. Wieland, M. Isogawa, B. Fredericksen, S. Selvarajah, P. A. Gallay, M. R. Ghadiri, et al. (2008)
PNAS
105, 3088-3093
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Hepatitis C Virus Entry.
T. von Hahn and C. M. Rice (2008)
J. Biol. Chem.
283, 3689-3693
|Full Text »|PDF »
Novel Chimeric Genotype 1b/2a Hepatitis C Virus Suitable for High-Throughput Screening.
Y. Zhang, P. Weady, R. Duggal, and W. Hao (2008)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
52, 666-674
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Identification of Residues Required for RNA Replication in Domains II and III of the Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Protein.
T. L. Tellinghuisen, K. L. Foss, J. C. Treadaway, and C. M. Rice (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 1073-1083
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Development of JFH1-based cell culture systems for hepatitis C virus genotype 4a and evidence for cross-genotype neutralization.
T. K. H. Scheel, J. M. Gottwein, T. B. Jensen, J. C. Prentoe, A. M. Hoegh, H. J. Alter, J. Eugen-Olsen, and J. Bukh (2008)
PNAS
105, 997-1002
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Isolation and Characterization of Broadly Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies to the E1 Glycoprotein of Hepatitis C Virus.
J.-C. Meunier, R. S. Russell, V. Goossens, S. Priem, H. Walter, E. Depla, A. Union, K. N. Faulk, J. Bukh, S. U. Emerson, et al. (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 966-973
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Identification of a Broadly Cross-Reacting and Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody Directed against the Hepatitis C Virus E2 Protein.
M. Perotti, N. Mancini, R. A. Diotti, A. W. Tarr, J. K. Ball, A. Owsianka, R. Adair, A. H. Patel, M. Clementi, and R. Burioni (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 1047-1052
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Serum-Derived Hepatitis C Virus Infection of Primary Human Hepatocytes Is Tetraspanin CD81 Dependent.
S. Molina, V. Castet, L. Pichard-Garcia, C. Wychowski, E. Meurs, J.-M. Pascussi, C. Sureau, J.-M. Fabre, A. SaCunha, D. Larrey, et al. (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 569-574
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
3' RNA Elements in Hepatitis C Virus Replication: Kissing Partners and Long Poly(U).
Effect of Cell Polarization on Hepatitis C Virus Entry.
C. J. Mee, J. Grove, H. J. Harris, K. Hu, P. Balfe, and J. A. McKeating (2008)
J. Virol.
82, 461-470
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The Lipid Droplet Binding Domain of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Is a Major Determinant for Efficient Virus Assembly.
A. Shavinskaya, S. Boulant, F. Penin, J. McLauchlan, and R. Bartenschlager (2007)
J. Biol. Chem.
282, 37158-37169
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Human Apolipoprotein E Is Required for Infectivity and Production of Hepatitis C Virus in Cell Culture.
K.-S. Chang, J. Jiang, Z. Cai, and G. Luo (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 13783-13793
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
TBC1D20 Is a Rab1 GTPase-activating Protein That Mediates Hepatitis C Virus Replication.
E. H. Sklan, R. L. Serrano, S. Einav, S. R. Pfeffer, D. G. Lambright, and J. S. Glenn (2007)
J. Biol. Chem.
282, 36354-36361
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Cell Culture Adaptation of Hepatitis C Virus and In Vivo Viability of an Adapted Variant.
A. Kaul, I. Woerz, P. Meuleman, G. Leroux-Roels, and R. Bartenschlager (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 13168-13179
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Responses of Nontransformed Human Hepatocytes to Conditional Expression of Full-Length Hepatitis C Virus Open Reading Frame.
W. Tang, C. A. Lazaro, J. S. Campbell, W. T. Parks, M. G. Katze, and N. Fausto (2007)
Am. J. Pathol.
171, 1831-1846
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Claudin-6 and Claudin-9 Function as Additional Coreceptors for Hepatitis C Virus.
A. Zheng, F. Yuan, Y. Li, F. Zhu, P. Hou, J. Li, X. Song, M. Ding, and H. Deng (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 12465-12471
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Norwalk Virus RNA Is Infectious in Mammalian Cells.
S. Guix, M. Asanaka, K. Katayama, S. E. Crawford, F. H. Neill, R. L. Atmar, and M. K. Estes (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 12238-12248
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
An influenza virus replicon system in yeast identified Tat-SF1 as a stimulatory host factor for viral RNA synthesis.
T. Naito, Y. Kiyasu, K. Sugiyama, A. Kimura, R. Nakano, A. Matsukage, and K. Nagata (2007)
PNAS
104, 18235-18240
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Anti-hepatitis C Virus Activity of Tamoxifen Reveals the Functional Association of Estrogen Receptor with Viral RNA Polymerase NS5B.
K. Watashi, D. Inoue, M. Hijikata, K. Goto, H. H. Aly, and K. Shimotohno (2007)
J. Biol. Chem.
282, 32765-32772
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The Exchangeable Apolipoprotein ApoC-I Promotes Membrane Fusion of Hepatitis C Virus.
M. Dreux, B. Boson, S. Ricard-Blum, J. Molle, D. Lavillette, B. Bartosch, E.-I. Pecheur, and F.-L. Cosset (2007)
J. Biol. Chem.
282, 32357-32369
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
A Rab-GAP TBC Domain Protein Binds Hepatitis C Virus NS5A and Mediates Viral Replication.
E. H. Sklan, K. Staschke, T. M. Oakes, M. Elazar, M. Winters, B. Aroeti, T. Danieli, and J. S. Glenn (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 11096-11105
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Human combinatorial libraries yield rare antibodies that broadly neutralize hepatitis C virus.
D. X. Johansson, C. Voisset, A. W. Tarr, M. Aung, J. K. Ball, J. Dubuisson, and M. A. A. Persson (2007)
PNAS
104, 16269-16274
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Identification of Novel Epoxide Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus Replication Using a High-Throughput Screen.
L. F. Peng, S. S. Kim, S. Matchacheep, X. Lei, S. Su, W. Lin, W. Runguphan, W.-H. Choe, N. Sakamoto, M. Ikeda, et al. (2007)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
51, 3756-3759
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Alanine Scanning of the Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Reveals Numerous Residues Essential for Production of Infectious Virus.
C. L. Murray, C. T. Jones, J. Tassello, and C. M. Rice (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 10220-10231
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells initiate a complex chemokine and cytokine network and are a viable drug target in chronic HCV patients.
J. Decalf, S. Fernandes, R. Longman, M. Ahloulay, F. Audat, F. Lefrerre, C. M. Rice, S. Pol, and M. L. Albert (2007)
J. Exp. Med.
204, 2423-2437
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Bile Acids Promote the Expression of Hepatitis C Virus in Replicon-Harboring Cells.
Robust production of infectious viral particles in Huh-7 cells by introducing mutations in hepatitis C virus structural proteins.
D. Delgrange, A. Pillez, S. Castelain, L. Cocquerel, Y. Rouille, J. Dubuisson, T. Wakita, G. Duverlie, and C. Wychowski (2007)
J. Gen. Virol.
88, 2495-2503
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Studying Hepatitis C Virus: Making the Best of a Bad Virus.
T. L. Tellinghuisen, M. J. Evans, T. von Hahn, S. You, and C. M. Rice (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8853-8867
|Full Text »|PDF »
Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural Protein 5A Modulates the Toll-Like Receptor-MyD88-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Macrophage Cell Lines.
T. Abe, Y. Kaname, I. Hamamoto, Y. Tsuda, X. Wen, S. Taguwa, K. Moriishi, O. Takeuchi, T. Kawai, T. Kanto, et al. (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8953-8966
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The C Terminus of Hepatitis C Virus NS4A Encodes an Electrostatic Switch That Regulates NS5A Hyperphosphorylation and Viral Replication.
B. D. Lindenbach, B. M. Pragai, R. Montserret, R. K. F. Beran, A. M. Pyle, F. Penin, and C. M. Rice (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8905-8918
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Characterization of Fusion Determinants Points to the Involvement of Three Discrete Regions of Both E1 and E2 Glycoproteins in the Membrane Fusion Process of Hepatitis C Virus.
D. Lavillette, E.-I. Pecheur, P. Donot, J. Fresquet, J. Molle, R. Corbau, M. Dreux, F. Penin, and F.-L. Cosset (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8752-8765
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Hepatitis C Virus p7 and NS2 Proteins Are Essential for Production of Infectious Virus.
C. T. Jones, C. L. Murray, D. K. Eastman, J. Tassello, and C. M. Rice (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8374-8383
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Monitoring the Antiviral Effect of Alpha Interferon on Individual Cells.
C. S. Kim, J. H. Jung, T. Wakita, S. K. Yoon, and S. K. Jang (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8814-8820
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
H. Tani, Y. Komoda, E. Matsuo, K. Suzuki, I. Hamamoto, T. Yamashita, K. Moriishi, K. Fujiyama, T. Kanto, N. Hayashi, et al. (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8601-8612
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Hepatitis C virus host cell interactions uncovered.
J. M. Gottwein and J. Bukh (2007)
PNAS
104, 13215-13216
|Full Text »|PDF »
Disrupting the association of hepatitis C virus core protein with lipid droplets correlates with a loss in production of infectious virus.
S. Boulant, P. Targett-Adams, and J. McLauchlan (2007)
J. Gen. Virol.
88, 2204-2213
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Hepatitis C Virus Induces Proteolytic Cleavage of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins and Stimulates Their Phosphorylation via Oxidative Stress.
G. Waris, D. J. Felmlee, F. Negro, and A. Siddiqui (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8122-8130
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
High-Avidity Monoclonal Antibodies against the Human Scavenger Class B Type I Receptor Efficiently Block Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Presence of High-Density Lipoprotein.
M. T. Catanese, R. Graziani, T. von Hahn, M. Moreau, T. Huby, G. Paonessa, C. Santini, A. Luzzago, C. M. Rice, R. Cortese, et al. (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8063-8071
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The NS3 Helicase and NS5B-to-3'X Regions Are Important for Efficient Hepatitis C Virus Strain JFH-1 Replication in Huh7 Cells.
A. Murayama, T. Date, K. Morikawa, D. Akazawa, M. Miyamoto, M. Kaga, K. Ishii, T. Suzuki, T. Kato, M. Mizokami, et al. (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8030-8040
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Cellular cofactors affecting hepatitis C virus infection and replication.
G. Randall, M. Panis, J. D. Cooper, T. L. Tellinghuisen, K. E. Sukhodolets, S. Pfeffer, M. Landthaler, P. Landgraf, S. Kan, B. D. Lindenbach, et al. (2007)
PNAS
104, 12884-12889
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Comprehensive Analysis of the Effects of Ordinary Nutrients on Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication in Cell Culture.
M. Yano, M. Ikeda, K.-i. Abe, H. Dansako, S. Ohkoshi, Y. Aoyagi, and N. Kato (2007)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
51, 2016-2027
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Human Serum Amyloid A Protein Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Entry into Cells.
Z. Cai, L. Cai, J. Jiang, K.-S. Chang, D. R. van der Westhuyzen, and G. Luo (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 6128-6133
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus Subgenomic Replicon Resistance to Cyclosporine In Vitro.
J. M. Robida, H. B. Nelson, Z. Liu, and H. Tang (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 5829-5840
|Abstract »|Full Text »