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Science 1 July 2005:
Vol. 309. no. 5731, pp. 131 - 133
DOI: 10.1126/science.1110418
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Reports

Genome of the Host-Cell Transforming Parasite Theileria annulata Compared with T. parva

Arnab Pain,1* Hubert Renauld,1 Matthew Berriman,1 Lee Murphy,1 Corin A. Yeats,1{dagger} William Weir,2 Arnaud Kerhornou,1 Martin Aslett,1 Richard Bishop,3 Christiane Bouchier,4 Madeleine Cochet,5 Richard M. R. Coulson,6 Ann Cronin,1 Etienne P. de Villiers,3 Audrey Fraser,1 Nigel Fosker,1 Malcolm Gardner,7 Arlette Goble,1 Sam Griffiths-Jones,1 David E. Harris,1 Frank Katzer,8 Natasha Larke,1 Angela Lord,1 Pascal Maser,9 Sue McKellar,2 Paul Mooney,1 Fraser Morton,1 Vishvanath Nene,7 Susan O'Neil,1 Claire Price,1 Michael A. Quail,1 Ester Rabbinowitsch,1 Neil D. Rawlings,1 Simon Rutter,1 David Saunders,1 Kathy Seeger,1 Trushar Shah,3 Robert Squares,1 Steven Squares,1 Adrian Tivey,1 Alan R. Walker,8 John Woodward,1 Dirk A. E. Dobbelaere,10 Gordon Langsley,5 Marie-Adele Rajandream,1 Declan McKeever,8,11 Brian Shiels,2 Andrew Tait,2 Bart Barrell,1 Neil Hall1{ddagger}

Theileria annulata and T. parva are closely related protozoan parasites that cause lymphoproliferative diseases of cattle. We sequenced the genome of T. annulata and compared it with that of T. parva to understand the mechanisms underlying transformation and tropism. Despite high conservation of gene sequences and synteny, the analysis reveals unequally expanded gene families and species-specific genes. We also identify divergent families of putative secreted polypeptides that may reduce immune recognition, candidate regulators of host-cell transformation, and a Theileria-specific protein domain [frequently associated in Theileria (FAINT)] present in a large number of secreted proteins.

1 The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
2 Division of Veterinary Infection and Immunity, Parasitology Group, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
3 The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Post Office Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya.
4 Plate-Forme Génomique–Pasteur Génopole, Ile de France Institut Pasteur, 25–28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France.
5 Unité de Recherche Associée CNRS 2581, Département de Parasitologie, Bâtiment Elie Metchnikoff, Institut Pasteur, 25–28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
6 European Molecular Biology Laboratory–European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.
7 The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
8 Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
9 Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
10 Molecular Pathology, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Laenggasstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
11 Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.

{ddagger} Present address: The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ap2{at}sanger.ac.uk

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