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A Transmembrane Intracellular Estrogen Receptor Mediates Rapid Cell Signaling
Chetana M. Revankar,1,2Daniel F. Cimino,1,2Larry A. Sklar,2,3Jeffrey B. Arterburn,4Eric R. Prossnitz1,2*
The steroid hormone estrogen regulates many functionally unrelatedprocesses in numerous tissues. Although it is traditionallythought to control transcriptional activation through the classicalnuclear estrogen receptors, it also initiates many rapid nongenomicsignaling events. We found that of all G protein–coupledreceptors characterized to date, GPR30 is uniquely localizedto the endoplasmic reticulum, where it specifically binds estrogenand fluorescent estrogen derivatives. Activating GPR30 by estrogenresulted in intracellular calcium mobilization and synthesisof phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in the nucleus.Thus, GPR30 represents an intracellular transmembrane estrogenreceptor that may contribute to normal estrogen physiology aswell as pathophysiology.
1 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. 2 Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. 3 Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. 4 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: eprossnitz{at}salud.unm.edu
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Distribution and characterization of estrogen receptor G protein-coupled receptor 30 in the rat central nervous system.
E. Brailoiu, S. L Dun, G C. Brailoiu, K. Mizuo, L. A Sklar, T. I Oprea, E. R Prossnitz, and N. J Dun (2007)
J. Endocrinol.
193, 311-321
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G Protein-Coupled Receptor 30-Dependent Protein Kinase A Pathway Is Critical in Nongenomic Effects of Estrogen in Attenuating Liver Injury after Trauma-Hemorrhage.
Y.-C. Hsieh, H.-P. Yu, M. Frink, T. Suzuki, M. A. Choudhry, M. G. Schwacha, and I. H. Chaudry (2007)
Am. J. Pathol.
170, 1210-1218
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Nongenomic Actions of Aldosterone on the Renal Tubule.
The Role of Xenopus Membrane Progesterone Receptor {beta} in Mediating the Effect of Progesterone on Oocyte Maturation.
L. Josefsberg Ben-Yehoshua, A. L. Lewellyn, P. Thomas, and J. L. Maller (2007)
Mol. Endocrinol.
21, 664-673
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G Protein-Coupled Receptor 30 (GPR30) Mediates Gene Expression Changes and Growth Response to 17{beta}-Estradiol and Selective GPR30 Ligand G-1 in Ovarian Cancer Cells.
L. Albanito, A. Madeo, R. Lappano, A. Vivacqua, V. Rago, A. Carpino, T. I. Oprea, E. R. Prossnitz, A. M. Musti, S. Ando, et al. (2007)
Cancer Res.
67, 1859-1866
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Membrane-Initiated Actions of Estrogens in Neuroendocrinology: Emerging Principles.
Estrogenic Agonist Activity of ICI 182,780 (Faslodex) in Hippocampal Neurons: Implications for Basic Science Understanding of Estrogen Signaling and Development of Estrogen Modulators with a Dual Therapeutic Profile.
L. Zhao, K. O'Neill, and R. D. Brinton (2006)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
319, 1124-1132
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Human Homologs of the Putative G Protein-Coupled Membrane Progestin Receptors (mPR{alpha}, {beta}, and {gamma}) Localize to the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Are Not Activated by Progesterone.
T. Krietsch, M. S. Fernandes, J. Kero, R. Losel, M. Heyens, E. W.-F. Lam, I. Huhtaniemi, J. J. Brosens, and B. Gellersen (2006)
Mol. Endocrinol.
20, 3146-3164
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Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Rapid Signaling.
K. Moriarty, K. H. Kim, and J. R. Bender (2006)
Endocrinology
147, 5557-5563
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Rapid Glucocorticoid Signaling via Membrane-Associated Receptors.
J. G. Tasker, S. Di, and R. Malcher-Lopes (2006)
Endocrinology
147, 5549-5556
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