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Science 25 February 2005:
Vol. 307. no. 5713, pp. 1313 - 1317
DOI: 10.1126/science.1108472
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Reports

Optimization of Virulence Functions Through Glucosylation of Shigella LPS

Nicholas P. West,1*{dagger} Philippe Sansonetti,2* Joëlle Mounier,2 Rachel M. Exley,1 Claude Parsot,2 Stéphanie Guadagnini,3 Marie-Christine Prévost,3 Ada Prochnicka-Chalufour,4 Muriel Delepierre,4 Myriam Tanguy,2 Christoph M. Tang1{ddagger}

Shigella, the leading cause of bacillary dysentery, uses a type III secretion system (TTSS) to inject proteins into human cells, leading to bacterial invasion and a vigorous inflammatory response. The bacterium is protected against the response by the O antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on its surface. We show that bacteriophage-encoded glucosylation of Shigella O antigen, the basis of different serotypes, shortens the LPS molecule by around half. This enhances TTSS function without compromising the protective properties of the LPS. Thus, LPS glucosylation promotes bacterial invasion and evasion of innate immunity, which may have contributed to the emergence of serotype diversity in Shigella.

1 Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Flowers Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
2 Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Unité INSERM 389, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75724 Paris Cédex 15, France.
3 Plate-Forme de Microscopie Electronique, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75724 Paris Cédex 15, France.
4 Unité de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire des Biomolécules, URA 2185 CNRS; Unité INSERM 389, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75724 Paris Cédex 15, France.

* These authors contributed equally to this work.

{dagger} Present address: Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.

{ddagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: c.tang{at}imperial.ac.uk

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)