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Science 18 February 2005:
Vol. 307. no. 5712, pp. 1061 - 1065
DOI: 10.1126/science.1105964
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Review

Editing at the Crossroad of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Priscilla Turelli and Didier Trono*

Genetic information can be altered through the enzymatic modification of nucleotide sequences. This process, known as editing, was originally identified in the mitochondrial RNA of trypanosomes and later found to condition events as diverse as neurotransmission and lipid metabolism in mammals. Recent evidence reveals that editing enzymes may fulfill one of their most essential roles in the defense against infectious agents: first, as the mediators of antibody diversification, a step crucial for building adaptive immunity, and second, as potent intracellular poisons for the replication of viruses. Exciting questions are raised, which take us to the depth of the intimate relations between vertebrates and the microbial underworld.

School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and "Frontiers in Genetics" National Center for Competence in Research, and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Didier.Trono{at}medecine.epfl.ch

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)