Reports

Genome Sequence of a Polydnavirus: Insights into Symbiotic Virus Evolution

Eric Espagne,^1* Catherine Dupuy,¹ Elisabeth Huguet,¹ Laurence Cattolico,² Bertille Provost,¹ Nathalie Martins,² Marylène Poirié,¹ Georges Periquet,¹ Jean Michel Drezen¹

Little is known of the fate of viruses involved in long-term obligatory associations with eukaryotes. For example, many species of parasitoid wasps have symbiotic viruses to manipulate host defenses and to allow development of parasitoid larvae. The complete nucleotide sequence of the DNA enclosed in the virus particles injected by a parasitoid wasp revealed a complex organization, resembling a eukaryote genomic region more than a viral genome. Although endocellular symbiont genomes have undergone a dramatic loss of genes, the evolution of symbiotic viruses appears to be characterized by extensive duplication of virulence genes coding for truncated versions of cellular proteins.

¹ Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, CNRS UMR 6035, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France.
² Genoscope, Centre National de Séquençage, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP 5706, 91057 Evry, France.

^* Present address: Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris Sud, Bat. 400, 91405 Orsay cedex, France.

These authors contributed equally to this work.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: catherine.dupuy{at}univ-tours.fr

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Evolution of a Polydnavirus Gene in Relation to Parasitoid-Host Species Immune Resistance.

S. Dupas, C. W. Gitau, A. Branca, B. P. Le Ru, and J.-F. Silvain (2008)
J. Hered.
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A viral histone H4 encoded by Cotesia plutellae bracovirus inhibits haemocyte-spreading behaviour of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella.

W. Gad and Y. Kim (2008)
J. Gen. Virol. 89, 931-938
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Characterization of two genes of Cotesia vestalis polydnavirus and their expression patterns in the host Plutella xylostella.

Y.-F. Chen, M. Shi, F. Huang, and X.-x. Chen (2007)
J. Gen. Virol. 88, 3317-3322
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Exposure of ichnovirus particles to digitonin leads to enhanced infectivity and induces fusion from without in an in vitro model system.

D. Stoltz, R. Lapointe, A. Makkay, and M. Cusson (2007)
J. Gen. Virol. 88, 2977-2984
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Genomic and Morphological Features of a Banchine Polydnavirus: Comparison with Bracoviruses and Ichnoviruses.

R. Lapointe, K. Tanaka, W. E. Barney, J. B. Whitfield, J. C. Banks, C. Beliveau, D. Stoltz, B. A. Webb, and M. Cusson (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 6491-6501
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Sequence and organization of the Heliothis virescens ascovirus genome.

S. Asgari, J. Davis, D. Wood, P. Wilson, and A. McGrath (2007)
J. Gen. Virol. 88, 1120-1132
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Genome organization of the Chelonus inanitus polydnavirus: excision sites, spacers and abundance of proviral and excised segments.

M. Annaheim and B. Lanzrein (2007)
J. Gen. Virol. 88, 450-457
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PTP-H2 and PTP-H3 from Microplitis demolitor Bracovirus Localize to Focal Adhesions and Are Antiphagocytic in Insect Immune Cells.

A. J. Pruijssers and M. R. Strand (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 1209-1219
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Characterization of the I{kappa}B-like gene family in polydnaviruses associated with wasps belonging to different Braconid subfamilies.

P. Falabella, P. Varricchio, B. Provost, E. Espagne, R. Ferrarese, A. Grimaldi, M. de Eguileor, G. Fimiani, M. V. Ursini, C. Malva, et al. (2007)
J. Gen. Virol. 88, 92-104
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Divergences in Protein Activity and Cellular Localization within the Campoletis sonorensis Ichnovirus Vankyrin Family.

J. A. Kroemer and B. A. Webb (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 12219-12228
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Characterization and transcriptional analysis of protein tyrosine phosphatase genes and an ankyrin repeat gene of the parasitoid Glyptapanteles indiensis polydnavirus in the parasitized host.

D. E. Gundersen-Rindal and M. J. Pedroni (2006)
J. Gen. Virol. 87, 311-322
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Inhibitor {kappa}B-like proteins from a polydnavirus inhibit NF-{kappa}B activation and suppress the insect immune response.

H. Thoetkiattikul, M. H. Beck, and M. R. Strand (2005)
PNAS 102, 11426-11431
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A Virus Essential for Insect Host-Parasite Interactions Encodes Cystatins.

E. Espagne, V. Douris, G. Lalmanach, B. Provost, L. Cattolico, J. Lesobre, S. Kurata, K. Iatrou, J.-M. Drezen, and E. Huguet (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 9765-9776
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I{kappa}{beta}-Related vankyrin Genes in the Campoletis sonorensis Ichnovirus: Temporal and Tissue-Specific Patterns of Expression in Parasitized Heliothis virescens Lepidopteran Hosts.

J. A. Kroemer and B. A. Webb (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 7617-7628
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Bracoviruses Contain a Large Multigene Family Coding for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases.

B. Provost, P. Varricchio, E. Arana, E. Espagne, P. Falabella, E. Huguet, R. La Scaleia, L. Cattolico, M. Poirie, C. Malva, et al. (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 13090-13103
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Genome Update: correlation of bacterial genomic properties.

P. F. Hallin, T. Coenye, T. T. Binnewies, H. Jarmer, H.-H. Staerfeldt, and D. W. Ussery (2004)
Microbiology 150, 3899-3903
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