Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.
Nanomedicine Summit 2008

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 17 September 2004:
Vol. 305. no. 5691, pp. 1733 - 1736
DOI: 10.1126/science.1095292
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Review

Living with the Past: Evolution, Development, and Patterns of Disease

Peter D. Gluckman1* and Mark A. Hanson2

Epidemiological observations have led to the hypothesis that the risk of developing some chronic noncommunicable diseases in adulthood is influenced not only by genetic and adult life-style factors but also by environmental factors acting in early life. Research in evolutionary biology, developmental biology, and animal and human physiology provides support for this idea and suggests that environmental processes influencing the propensity to disease in adulthood operate during the periconceptual, fetal, and infant phases of life. This "developmental origins of health and disease" concept may have important biological, medical, and socioeconomic implications.

1 Liggins Institute, University of Auckland and National Research Centre for Growth and Development, 2-6 Park Avenue, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
2 Centre for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, University of Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital Level F (887), Coxford Road, Southampton S016 5YA, UK.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pd.gluckman{at}auckland.ac.nz

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
The neurological effects of air pollution in children.
J. Sunyer (2008)
Eur. Respir. J. 32, 535-537
   Full Text »    PDF »
Developmental programming of adult hyperinsulinemia, increased proinflammatory cytokine production, and altered skeletal muscle expression of SLC2A4 (GLUT4) and uncoupling protein 3.
C. S Wyrwoll, P. J Mark, T. A Mori, and B. J Waddell (2008)
J. Endocrinol. 198, 571-579
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
High multivitamin intake by Wistar rats during pregnancy results in increased food intake and components of the metabolic syndrome in male offspring.
I. M. Y. Szeto, A. Aziz, P. J. Das, A. Y. Taha, N. Okubo, S. Reza-Lopez, A. Giacca, and G. H. Anderson (2008)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 295, R575-R582
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evidence of Arteriolar Narrowing in Low-Birth-Weight Children.
P. Mitchell, G. Liew, E. Rochtchina, J. J. Wang, D. Robaei, N. Cheung, and T. Y. Wong (2008)
Circulation 118, 518-524
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cardiac Cytochrome c Oxidase Activity and Contents of Subunits 1 and 4 Are Altered in Offspring by Low Prenatal Copper Intake by Rat Dams.
W. T. Johnson and C. M. Anderson (2008)
J. Nutr. 138, 1269-1273
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Heredity--Venturing Beyond Genetics.
M.-C. Maurel and C. Kanellopoulos-Langevin (2008)
Biol Reprod 79, 2-8
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Muscarinic receptor M1 and phosphodiesterase 1 are key determinants in pulmonary vascular dysfunction following perinatal hypoxia in mice.
A.-C. Peyter, V. Muehlethaler, L. Liaudet, M. Marino, S. Di Bernardo, G. Diaceri, and J.-F. Tolsa (2008)
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295, L201-L213
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Does the strength of the association between foetal growth rate and ischaemic heart disease mortality differ by social circumstances in early or later life?.
K Rajaleid, O Manor, and I Koupil (2008)
J. Epidemiol. Community Health 62, e6
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Low protein diet fed exclusively during mouse oocyte maturation leads to behavioural and cardiovascular abnormalities in offspring.
A. J. Watkins, A. Wilkins, C. Cunningham, V. H. Perry, M. J. Seet, C. Osmond, J. J. Eckert, C. Torrens, F. R. A. Cagampang, J. Cleal, et al. (2008)
J. Physiol. 586, 2231-2244
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Size at birth, weight gain over the life course, and low-grade inflammation in young adulthood: northern Finland 1966 birth cohort study.
I. Tzoulaki, M.-R. Jarvelin, A.-L. Hartikainen, M. Leinonen, A. Pouta, M. Paldanius, A. Ruokonen, D. Canoy, U. Sovio, P. Saikku, et al. (2008)
Eur. Heart J.
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Effect of Neonatal Leptin Treatment on Postnatal Weight Gain in Male Rats Is Dependent on Maternal Nutritional Status during Pregnancy.
M. H. Vickers, P. D. Gluckman, A. H. Coveny, P. L. Hofman, W. S. Cutfield, A. Gertler, B. H. Breier, and M. Harris (2008)
Endocrinology 149, 1906-1913
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Commentary: The development of the Ounsteds' theory of maternal constraint--a critical perspective.
D. A Leon (2008)
Int. J. Epidemiol. 37, 255-259
   Full Text »    PDF »
Low Birthweight Is Associated With Narrower Arterioles in Adults.
G. Liew, J. J. Wang, B. B. Duncan, R. Klein, A. R. Sharrett, F. Brancati, H.-C. Yeh, P. Mitchell, T. Y. Wong, and for the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (2008)
Hypertension 51, 933-938
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Retinal Microcirculation and Early Mechanisms of Hypertension.
H. A.J. Struijker-Boudier (2008)
Hypertension 51, 821-822
   Full Text »    PDF »
Aberrant gene expression patterns in placentomes are associated with phenotypically normal and abnormal cattle cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer.
R. E. Everts, P. Chavatte-Palmer, A. Razzak, I. Hue, C. A. Green, R. Oliveira, X. Vignon, S. L. Rodriguez-Zas, X. C. Tian, X. Yang, et al. (2008)
Physiol Genomics 33, 65-77
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Birth Weight, Infant Growth, and Childhood Body Mass Index: Hong Kong's Children of 1997 Birth Cohort.
L. L. Hui, C. M. Schooling, S. S. L. Leung, K. H. Mak, L. M. Ho, T. H. Lam, and G. M. Leung (2008)
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 162, 212-218
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Affects Distinct Tissue Compartments during Ontogeny of the Immune System.
J. P. Hogaboam, A. J. Moore, and B. P. Lawrence (2008)
Toxicol. Sci. 102, 160-170
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cities, urbanization and health.
D. A Leon (2008)
Int. J. Epidemiol. 37, 4-8
   Full Text »    PDF »
Adaptive Responses by Mouse Early Embryos to Maternal Diet Protect Fetal Growth but Predispose to Adult Onset Disease.
A. J Watkins, E. Ursell, R. Panton, T. Papenbrock, L. Hollis, C. Cunningham, A. Wilkins, V. H. Perry, B. Sheth, W. Y. Kwong, et al. (2008)
Biol Reprod 78, 299-306
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Impaired Fetal Growth, Cardiovascular Disease, and the Need to Move on.
W. Palinski and C. Napoli (2008)
Circulation 117, 341-343
   Full Text »    PDF »
Perinatal Risk Factors for Ischemic Heart Disease: Disentangling the Roles of Birth Weight and Preterm Birth.
M. Kaijser, A.-K. E. Bonamy, O. Akre, S. Cnattingius, F. Granath, M. Norman, and A. Ekbom (2008)
Circulation 117, 405-410
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-Like Pathology in Aged Monkeys after Infantile Exposure to Environmental Metal Lead (Pb): Evidence for a Developmental Origin and Environmental Link for AD.
J. Wu, Md. R. Basha, B. Brock, D. P. Cox, F. Cardozo-Pelaez, C. A. McPherson, J. Harry, D. C. Rice, B. Maloney, D. Chen, et al. (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 3-9
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Perinatal Development of Arterial Pressure in Sheep: Effects of Low Birth Weight Due to Twinning.
R. De Matteo, V. Stacy, M. Probyn, M. Desai, M. Ross, and R. Harding (2008)
Reproductive Sciences 15, 66-74
   Abstract »    PDF »
The role of oxygen in prenatal growth: studies in the chick embryo.
D. A. Giussani, C. E. Salinas, M. Villena, and C. E. Blanco (2007)
J. Physiol. 585, 911-917
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Birth weight; postnatal, infant, and childhood growth; and obesity in young adulthood: evidence from the Barry Caerphilly Growth Study.
A. McCarthy, R. Hughes, K. Tilling, D. Davies, G. Davey Smith, and Y. Ben-Shlomo (2007)
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition 86, 907-913
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mechanisms of Fetal Programming of Adult Hypertension: Role of Sex Hormones.
C. Maric (2007)
Hypertension 50, 605-606
   Full Text »    PDF »
In Vitro Fertilization Improves Childhood Growth and Metabolism.
H. L. Miles, P. L. Hofman, J. Peek, M. Harris, D. Wilson, E. M. Robinson, P. D. Gluckman, and W. S. Cutfield (2007)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92, 3441-3445
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Long-term consequences of maternal high-fat feeding on hypothalamic leptin sensitivity and diet-induced obesity in the offspring.
J. Ferezou-Viala, A.-F. Roy, C. Serougne, D. Gripois, M. Parquet, V. Bailleux, A. Gertler, B. Delplanque, J. Djiane, M. Riottot, et al. (2007)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 293, R1056-R1062
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Developmental Programming of Renal Glucocorticoid Sensitivity and the Renin-Angiotensin System.
C. S. Wyrwoll, P. J. Mark, and B. J. Waddell (2007)
Hypertension 50, 579-584
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Metabolic plasticity during mammalian development is directionally dependent on early nutritional status.
P. D. Gluckman, K. A. Lillycrop, M. H. Vickers, A. B. Pleasants, E. S. Phillips, A. S. Beedle, G. C. Burdge, and M. A. Hanson (2007)
PNAS 104, 12796-12800
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Life Course Approach to Healthy Aging, Frailty, and Capability.
D. Kuh and the New Dynamics of Ageing (NDA) Preparatory Netwo (2007)
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 62, 717-721
   Full Text »    PDF »
Frailty: An Emerging Research and Clinical Paradigm Issues and Controversies.
H. Bergman, L. Ferrucci, J. Guralnik, D. B. Hogan, S. Hummel, S. Karunananthan, and C. Wolfson (2007)
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 62, 731-737
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Brief hyperglycaemia in the early pregnant rat increases fetal weight at term by stimulating placental growth and affecting placental nutrient transport.
A. Ericsson, K. Saljo, E. Sjostrand, N. Jansson, P. D. Prasad, T. L. Powell, and T. Jansson (2007)
J. Physiol. 581, 1323-1332
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Maternal stress alters endocrine function of the feto-placental unit in rats.
J. Mairesse, J. Lesage, C. Breton, B. Breant, T. Hahn, M. Darnaudery, S. L. Dickson, J. Seckl, B. Blondeau, D. Vieau, et al. (2007)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292, E1526-E1533
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prenatal exposure to a low-protein diet programs disordered regulation of lipid metabolism in the aging rat.
A. Erhuma, A. M. Salter, D. V. Sculley, S. C. Langley-Evans, and A. J. Bennett (2007)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292, E1702-E1714
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mismatched pre- and postnatal nutrition leads to cardiovascular dysfunction and altered renal function in adulthood.
J. K. Cleal, K. R. Poore, J. P. Boullin, O. Khan, R. Chau, O. Hambidge, C. Torrens, J. P. Newman, L. Poston, D. E. Noakes, et al. (2007)
PNAS 104, 9529-9533
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prenatal and Postnatal Pathways to Obesity: Different Underlying Mechanisms, Different Metabolic Outcomes.
N. M. Thompson, A. M. Norman, S. S. Donkin, R. R. Shankar, M. H. Vickers, J. L. Miles, and B. H. Breier (2007)
Endocrinology 148, 2345-2354
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prenatal influences on susceptibility to diet-induced obesity are mediated by altered neuroendocrine gene expression.
B. A Ikenasio-Thorpe, B. H Breier, M. H Vickers, and M. Fraser (2007)
J. Endocrinol. 193, 31-37
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Resistance to high-fat diet in the female progeny of obese mice fed a control diet during the periconceptual, gestation, and lactation periods.
C. Gallou-Kabani, A. Vige, M.-S. Gross, C. Boileau, J.-P. Rabes, J. Fruchart-Najib, J.-P. Jais, and C. Junien (2007)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292, E1095-E1100
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pregnancy in the Brown Norway Rat: A Model for Investigating the Genetics of Placentation.
T. Konno, L. A. Rempel, J. A. Arroyo, and M. J. Soares (2007)
Biol Reprod 76, 709-718
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: Mouse embryo culture induces changes in postnatal phenotype including raised systolic blood pressure.
A. J. Watkins, D. Platt, T. Papenbrock, A. Wilkins, J. J. Eckert, W. Y. Kwong, C. Osmond, M. Hanson, and T. P. Fleming (2007)
PNAS 104, 5449-5454
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Undernutrition in Utero Augments Systolic Blood Pressure and Cardiac Remodeling in Adult Mouse Offspring: Possible Involvement of Local Cardiac Angiotensin System in Developmental Origins of Cardiovascular Disease.
M. Kawamura, H. Itoh, S. Yura, H. Mogami, S.-I. Suga, H. Makino, Y. Miyamoto, Y. Yoshimasa, N. Sagawa, and S. Fujii (2007)
Endocrinology 148, 1218-1225
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Embryo stability and vulnerability in an always changing world.
A. Hamdoun and D. Epel (2007)
PNAS 104, 1745-1750
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Associations of Gestational Age and Intrauterine Growth With Systolic Blood Pressure in a Family-Based Study of 386 485 Men in 331 089 Families.
D. A. Lawlor, A. Hubinette, P. Tynelius, D. A. Leon, G. D. Smith, and F. Rasmussen (2007)
Circulation 115, 562-568
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Maternal Complications and Procedures in Pregnancy and at Birth and Wheezing Phenotypes in Children.
F. Rusconi, C. Galassi, F. Forastiere, M. Bellasio, M. De Sario, G. Ciccone, L. Brunetti, E. Chellini, G. Corbo, S. La Grutta, et al. (2007)
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 175, 16-21
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Exposure to a Nutrition Supplementation Intervention in Early Childhood and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Adulthood: Evidence from Guatemala.
A. D. Stein, M. Wang, M. Ramirez-Zea, R. Flores, R. Grajeda, P. Melgar, U. Ramakrishnan, and R. Martorell (2006)
Am. J. Epidemiol. 164, 1160-1170
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Endocrine Disruptors: Do Family Lines Carry an Epigenetic Record of Previous Generations' Exposures?.
R. T. Zoeller (2006)
Endocrinology 147, 5513-5514
   Full Text »    PDF »
Absence of the Wild-type Allele (192 Base Pairs) of a Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of the IGF-I Gene but Not a Polymorphism in the Insulin Gene Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Locus Is Associated With Accelerated Weight Gain in Infancy.
E. Landmann, F. Geller, J. Schilling, S. Rudloff, E. Foeller-Gaudier, and L. Gortner (2006)
Pediatrics 118, 2374-2379
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
P-Glycoprotein Restricts Access of Cortisol and Dexamethasone to the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Placental BeWo Cells.
P. J. Mark and B. J. Waddell (2006)
Endocrinology 147, 5147-5152
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Epigenetic Regulation of Human Trophoblastic Cell Migration and Invasion.
F. Rahnama, F. Shafiei, P. D. Gluckman, M. D. Mitchell, and P. E. Lobie (2006)
Endocrinology 147, 5275-5283
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Impact of Prenatal and/or Postnatal Growth Problems in Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants on School-Age Outcomes: An 8-Year Longitudinal Evaluation.
P. H. Casey, L. Whiteside-Mansell, K. Barrett, R. H. Bradley, and R. Gargus (2006)
Pediatrics 118, 1078-1086
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: Fatness at birth predicts adult susceptibility to ovarian suppression: An empirical test of the Predictive Adaptive Response hypothesis.
G. Jasienska, I. Thune, and P. T. Ellison (2006)
PNAS 103, 12759-12762
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Birthweight and coronary heart disease in a cohort born 1857-1900 in Melbourne, Australia.
R. Morley, J. McCalman, and J. B Carlin (2006)
Int. J. Epidemiol. 35, 880-885
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Early Brain Growth: Macronutrients for the Developing Brain.
M. K. Georgieff (2006)
NeoReviews 7, e334-e343
   Full Text »    PDF »
The late effects of fetal growth patterns..
F H Bloomfield, M H Oliver, and J E Harding (2006)
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 91, F299-F304
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prenatal influences on leptin sensitivity and susceptibility to diet-induced obesity..
S. O Krechowec, M. Vickers, A. Gertler, and B. H Breier (2006)
J. Endocrinol. 189, 355-363
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nutrition and reproduction in women.
The ESHRE Capri Workshop Group (2006)
Hum. Reprod. Update 12, 193-207
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Folate Supplementation During Pregnancy Improves Offspring Cardiovascular Dysfunction Induced by Protein Restriction.
C. Torrens, L. Brawley, F. W. Anthony, C. S. Dance, R. Dunn, A. A. Jackson, L. Poston, and M. A. Hanson (2006)
Hypertension 47, 982-987
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gene expression patterns in human placenta.
R. Sood, J. L. Zehnder, M. L. Druzin, and P. O. Brown (2006)
PNAS 103, 5478-5483
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fetal programming of autonomic and HPA function: do people who were small babies have enhanced stress responses?.
D. I. W. Phillips and A. Jones (2006)
J. Physiol. 572, 45-50
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effect of culturing mouse embryos under different oxygen concentrations on subsequent fetal and placental development.
D. Feil, M. Lane, C. T. Roberts, R. L. Kelley, L. J. Edwards, J. G. Thompson, and K. L. Kind (2006)
J. Physiol. 572, 87-96
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Protein restriction during fetal and neonatal development in the rat alters reproductive function and accelerates reproductive ageing in female progeny.
C. Guzman, R. Cabrera, M. Cardenas, F. Larrea, P. W. Nathanielsz, and E. Zambrano (2006)
J. Physiol. 572, 97-108
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prevention of Programmed Hyperleptinemia and Hypertension by Postnatal Dietary {omega}-3 Fatty Acids.
C. S. Wyrwoll, P. J. Mark, T. A. Mori, I. B. Puddey, and B. J. Waddell (2006)
Endocrinology 147, 599-606
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Subjects With Mutated RING Finger Protein TRIM37.
N. Karlberg, H. Jalanko, J. Kallijarvi, A.-E. Lehesjoki, and M. Lipsanen-Nyman (2005)
Diabetes 54, 3577-3581
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Developmental Origins of Osteoporotic Fracture: the Role of Maternal Vitamin D Insufficiency.
C. Cooper, K. Javaid, S. Westlake, N. Harvey, and E. Dennison (2005)
J. Nutr. 135, 2728S-2734S
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The effect of low protein diet in pregnancy on the development of brain metabolism in rat offspring.
E. A. L Gallagher, J. P Newman, L. R Green, and M. A Hanson (2005)
J. Physiol. 568, 553-558
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Assisted reproduction: the epigenetic perspective.
B. Horsthemke and M. Ludwig (2005)
Hum. Reprod. Update 11, 473-482
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Renal Endowment: Developmental Origins of Adult Disease.
J. R. Ingelfinger and H. W. Schnaper (2005)
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 16, 2533-2536
   Full Text »    PDF »
Maternal genotype affects adult offspring lipid, obesity, and diabetes phenotypes in LGXSM recombinant inbred strains.
J. P. Jarvis, J. Kenney-Hunt, T. H. Ehrich, L. S. Pletscher, C. F. Semenkovich, and J. M. Cheverud (2005)
J. Lipid Res. 46, 1692-1702
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Essential Hypertension: Defending the Contribution of a Congenital Nephron Deficit.
S. McMullen, S. C. Langley-Evans, R. J. Johnson, B. Rodriguez-Iturbe, T. Nakagawa, D.-H. Kang, D. I. Feig, and J. Herrera-Acosta (2005)
Hypertension 46, e4-e5
   Full Text »    PDF »
Fetal origins of adult disease: introduction.
M Hanson (2005)
Heart 91, 863
   Full Text »    PDF »
Sex differences in transgenerational alterations of growth and metabolism in progeny (F2) of female offspring (F1) of rats fed a low protein diet during pregnancy and lactation.
E Zambrano, P. M Martinez-Samayoa, C. J Bautista, M Deas, L Guillen, G. L Rodriguez-Gonzalez, C Guzman, F Larrea, and P. W Nathanielsz (2005)
J. Physiol. 566, 225-236
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dietary Protein Restriction of Pregnant Rats Induces and Folic Acid Supplementation Prevents Epigenetic Modification of Hepatic Gene Expression in the Offspring.
K. A. Lillycrop, E. S. Phillips, A. A. Jackson, M. A. Hanson, and G. C. Burdge (2005)
J. Nutr. 135, 1382-1386
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Back to Basics: Attachment, Affect Regulation, and the Developing Right Brain: Linking Developmental Neuroscience to Pediatrics.
A. N. Schore (2005)
Pediatr. Rev. 26, 204-217
   Full Text »    PDF »
Experimental models of developmental programming: consequences of exposure to an energy rich diet during development.
J. A. Armitage, P. D. Taylor, and L. Poston (2005)
J. Physiol. 565, 3-8
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Developmental processes and the induction of cardiovascular function: conceptual aspects.
M. A. Hanson and P. D. Gluckman (2005)
J. Physiol. 565, 27-34
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The effects of anaemia as a programming agent in the fetal heart.
L. Davis, K. L. Thornburg, and G. D. Giraud (2005)
J. Physiol. 565, 35-41
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Placental angiogenesis in sheep models of compromised pregnancy.
L. P. Reynolds, P. P. Borowicz, K. A. Vonnahme, M. L. Johnson, A. T. Grazul-Bilska, D. A. Redmer, and J. S. Caton (2005)
J. Physiol. 565, 43-58
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Programming blood pressure in adult SHR by shifting perinatal balance of NO and reactive oxygen species toward NO: the inverted Barker phenomenon.
S. Racasan, B. Braam, H. A. Koomans, and J. A. Joles (2005)
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288, F626-F636
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Letter Regarding Article by Khan et al, "Predictive Adaptive Responses to Maternal High-Fat Diet Prevent Endothelial Dysfunction but Not Hypertension in Adult Rat Offspring" * Response.
J. Altimiras, P. Milberg, I. Khan, V. Dekou, L. Poston, P. Taylor, and M. Hanson (2005)
Circulation 111, e166
   Full Text »    PDF »
Public health epidemiology -- what next?.
J. Olsen (2005)
Scand J Public Health 33, 81-83
   PDF »
A maternal low protein diet during pregnancy and lactation in the rat impairs male reproductive development.
E Zambrano, G. L Rodriguez-Gonzalez, C Guzman, R Garcia-Becerra, L Boeck, L Diaz, M Menjivar, F Larrea, and P. W Nathanielsz (2005)
J. Physiol. 563, 275-284
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Impact and mechanisms of fetal physiological programming.
J. Schwartz and J. L. Morrison (2005)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 288, R11-R15
   Full Text »    PDF »
Biological theories, evidence, and epidemiology.
D. A Leon (2004)
Int. J. Epidemiol. 33, 1167-1171
   Full Text »    PDF »
Prematurity -- A Window of Opportunity?.
M. A. Sperling (2004)
N. Engl. J. Med. 351, 2229-2231
   Full Text »    PDF »


ADVERTISEMENT
Click Me!

ADVERTISEMENT
Click Me!

To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)