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Originally published in Science Express on 1 April 2004
Science 30 April 2004:
Vol. 304. no. 5671, pp. 704 - 708
DOI: 10.1126/science.1094023

Research Articles

Detection of the Intrinsic Size of Sagittarius A* Through Closure Amplitude Imaging

Geoffrey C. Bower,1* Heino Falcke,2,3,4 Robeson M. Herrnstein,5 Jun-Hui Zhao,6 W. M. Goss,7 Donald C. Backer1

We have detected the intrinsic size of Sagittarius A*, the Galactic center radio source associated with a supermassive black hole, showing that the short-wavelength radio emission arises from very near the event horizon of the black hole. Radio observations with the Very Long Baseline Array show that the source has a size of 24 ± 2 Schwarzschild radii at 7-millimeter wavelength. In one of eight 7-millimeter epochs, we also detected an increase in the intrinsic size of . These observations place a lower limit to the mass density of Sagittarius A* of 1.4 x 104 solar masses per cubic astronomical unit.

1 Astronomy Department and Radio Astronomy Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
2 Radio Observatory Westerbork, ASTRON, Post Office Box 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands.
3 Astronomy Department, University of Nijmegen, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands.
4 Max Planck Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
5 Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, Mail Code 5246, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA.
6 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS 78, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
7 National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Array Operations Center, Post Office Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gbower{at}astro.berkeley.edu

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)