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Science 19 March 2004:
Vol. 303. no. 5665, pp. 1843 - 1845
DOI: 10.1126/science.1095092
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Reports

Optical Frequency Synthesis and Comparison with Uncertainty at the 10-19 Level

Long-Sheng Ma,1,2*{dagger} Zhiyi Bi,2* Albrecht Bartels,3* Lennart Robertsson,1 Massimo Zucco,1 Robert S. Windeler,4 Guido Wilpers,3 Chris Oates,3 Leo Hollberg,3 Scott A. Diddams3*{dagger}

A femtosecond laser–based optical frequency synthesizer is referenced to an optical standard, and we use it to demonstrate the generation and control of the frequency of electromagnetic fields over 100 terahertz of bandwidth with fractional uncertainties approaching 1 part in 1019. The reproducibility of this performance is verified by comparison of different types of femtosecond laser–based frequency synthesizers from three laboratories.

1 Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Pavillon de Breteuil, 92312 Sèvres, France.
2 Physics Department, East China Normal University (ECNU), Shanghai 200062, China.
3 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.
4 OFS Laboratories, 700 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA.



* These authors contributed equally to this work.

{dagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lsma{at}phy.ecnu.edu.cn (L.S.M.), sdiddams{at}boulder.nist.gov (S.A.D.)

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Frequency Ratio of Al+ and Hg+ Single-Ion Optical Clocks; Metrology at the 17th Decimal Place.
T. Rosenband, D. B. Hume, P. O. Schmidt, C. W. Chou, A. Brusch, L. Lorini, W. H. Oskay, R. E. Drullinger, T. M. Fortier, J. E. Stalnaker, et al. (2008)
Science 319, 1808-1812
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Standards of Time and Frequency at the Outset of the 21st Century.
S. A. Diddams, J. C. Bergquist, S. R. Jefferts, and C. W. Oates (2004)
Science 306, 1318-1324
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